sociology MCQ questions answers

1341. The capitalist class of the mid-twentieth century were said to join the upper class because they.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Owned companies and financial assets that generated wealth through corporations.

Exam Relevance: Economics, Sociology, History

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The capitalist class of the mid-twentieth century joined the upper class primarily due to their ownership of companies and financial assets that generated wealth through corporations.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that the capitalist class joined the upper class solely through emulation of lifestyle and cultural values, or through direct ownership of land and businesses.

Explanations: The capitalist class in the mid-twentieth century accumulated wealth through the ownership of companies and financial assets. This wealth generation through corporate structures allowed them to join the upper class, as their economic power and influence were significant. The other options, such as leisure pursuits, lifestyle emulation, and direct ownership of land, were not the primary factors that enabled their ascension to the upper class.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because joining the upper class was not primarily due to leisure pursuits and social events.
Option B: This option is incorrect because while lifestyle emulation may have played a role, it was not the primary factor for joining the upper class.
Option C: This option is correct because the ownership of companies and financial assets that generated wealth through corporations was the primary factor.
Option D: This option is incorrect because direct ownership of land and businesses as physical assets was not the main reason for joining the upper class in the mid-twentieth century.

1342. The emergence of the self as a result of interaction with others is a common thread in ALL BUT ONE of the following theories.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Behaviorism.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE Psychology, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The emergence of the self as a result of interaction with others is a key concept in social psychology theories such as the looking-glass self and symbolic interactionism. Developmental theory also considers social interactions in the development of self. Behaviorism, however, focuses on observable behaviors and environmental stimuli, not on the self as a result of social interactions.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that behaviorism also includes the development of self through social interactions, as it is a common theme in other social psychology theories.

Explanations: Behaviorism emphasizes observable behaviors and the role of environmental stimuli in shaping behavior. It does not focus on the self as a result of interaction with others. In contrast, the looking-glass self, symbolic interactionism, and developmental theory all emphasize the role of social interactions in the formation of self.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The looking-glass self theory posits that individuals develop their self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them, making it a theory that involves interaction with others.
Option B: Symbolic interactionism suggests that individuals develop their self-concept through social interactions and the meanings they attach to these interactions.
Option C: Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and environmental stimuli, not on the self as a result of social interactions.
Option D: Developmental theory often includes the role of social interactions in the development of self-concept and identity.

1343. Most events that occur in our lives have multiple causes.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Fact.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The statement "Most events that occur in our lives have multiple causes" is a fact because it reflects the complexity of real-life situations where events are often influenced by a variety of factors.

Common Mistakes: Students might mistakenly believe that events have a single, clear cause, overlooking the interconnectedness of various factors.

Explanations: Events in our lives are typically influenced by multiple factors. For example, a student's academic performance can be affected by their study habits, teacher quality, home environment, and personal health. This complexity means that most events have multiple causes, making the statement a fact.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as the statement is a fact reflecting the complexity of real-life events.
Option B: Incorrect, as the statement is not fictional but a reflection of reality.
Option C: Incorrect, as the statement is not ambiguous but a clear fact.
Option D: Incorrect, as the statement is a fact and not a fiction.

1344. The ways in which the different parts of a social system are often so closely interrelated that what happens in one affects the others , and is influenced by them in turn.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Functional integration.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Work exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Functional integration refers to the interdependence of different parts of a social system, where changes in one part affect and are influenced by other parts.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functional integration with dysfunctional integration, which refers to negative interdependencies.

Explanations: Functional integration describes how different components of a social system are interconnected and influence each other. This interdependence means that changes in one part of the system can have ripple effects throughout the entire system. The correct answer, functional integration, accurately captures this concept of mutual influence and interdependence.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Functional integration describes the interdependence of different parts of a social system.
Option B: Incorrect. Dysfunctional integration refers to negative interdependencies, not the positive interdependence described in the question.
Option C: Incorrect. Phenomenology is a philosophical approach to understanding human experience, not a concept of social system interdependence.
Option D: Incorrect. Power refers to the ability to influence others, not the interdependence of social system components.

1345. This sociological theory looks at - how society defines sources of inequality and conflict.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Conflict theories.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Conflict theories in sociology focus on the sources of inequality and conflict within society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse conflict theories with structural functionalism, which emphasizes social stability and the interdependence of social institutions.

Explanations: Conflict theories examine how society defines and perpetuates inequality and conflict. This approach highlights power struggles, resource distribution, and the ways in which dominant groups maintain their advantages over subordinate groups. The correct answer, conflict theories, aligns with this focus on inequality and conflict.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Structural Functionalism focuses on how social institutions work together to maintain social stability, not on inequality and conflict.
Option B: Symbolic Functionalism is not a recognized sociological theory; it may be a misinterpretation of symbolic interactionism or structural functionalism.
Option C: Symbolic interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, rather than on inequality and conflict.
Option D: Conflict theories focus on the sources of inequality and conflict within society, making it the correct answer.

1346. Which sociological perspective is the basis of both strain theory and control theory?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Functionalism.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Strain theory and control theory are both rooted in functionalism, which views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functionalism with conflict theory, which focuses on the struggle between different social groups, or symbolic interactionism, which emphasizes the meanings individuals derive from social interactions.

Explanations: Functionalism posits that society functions effectively when all parts work together harmoniously. Strain theory, developed by Robert Merton, explains deviance as a result of the strain between cultural goals and the means to achieve them, aligning with functionalism's emphasis on societal stability. Control theory, developed by Travis Hirschi, suggests that individuals conform to societal norms due to strong social bonds, which is consistent with functionalism's view of social cohesion. Therefore, both theories are based on the functionalist perspective.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Functionalism is the basis for both strain theory and control theory.
Option B: Incorrect. Conflict theory focuses on social conflict and inequality, not societal stability.
Option C: Incorrect. Symbolic interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, not societal stability.
Option D: Incorrect. Structuralism is not a sociological perspective but a broader theoretical framework in social sciences.

1347. WHO BELIEVED THAT CHILDREN WERE BORN REBELLIOUS?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) JOHN CALVIN.

Exam Relevance: AP European History, SAT Subject Tests in World History

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: John Calvin, a prominent figure in the Protestant Reformation, believed that children were born with a rebellious nature due to original sin.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse John Calvin's views with those of other philosophers or theologians who had different perspectives on the nature of children.

Explanations: John Calvin, a key figure in the Protestant Reformation, held the belief that all humans, including children, were born with a rebellious nature as a result of original sin. This belief is rooted in his theological framework, which emphasizes the fallen state of humanity and the need for divine grace to overcome this inherent sinfulness.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Jacques Rousseau believed in the inherent goodness of children and that they were corrupted by society, not that they were born rebellious.
Option B: Benjamin Spock was a pediatrician who advocated for a more nurturing and understanding approach to child-rearing, not that children were born rebellious.
Option C: John Watson, a behaviorist, focused on environmental influences on behavior rather than inherent rebelliousness.
Option D: John Calvin believed that children were born with a rebellious nature due to original sin, aligning with the correct answer.

1348. An infant's personality can be molded and shaped at will is a description of:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Tabula rasa.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Tabula rasa is the philosophical concept that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that all knowledge comes from experience or perception.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse tabula rasa with other developmental theories such as the looking-glass self, which focuses on how individuals develop their self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them.

Explanations: The concept of tabula rasa suggests that an infant's personality is not predetermined but can be shaped and molded through experiences and environment. This aligns with the description provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Tabula rasa correctly describes the idea that an infant's personality can be shaped and molded at will.
Option B: Looking-glass self refers to the development of self-concept based on how one perceives others' views of them, not the molding of personality.
Option C: Role-taking involves understanding and adopting the perspectives of others, not the shaping of an infant's personality.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect as tabula rasa is the correct concept.

1349. There are two ways in which you can have social control, what are they?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Internalization and Sanctions.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social control refers to the ways in which society regulates the behavior of its members. There are two primary mechanisms: internalization and sanctions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse internalization with self-regulation, thinking it is solely about individual behavior rather than the internalization of societal norms.

Explanations: Social control can be achieved through internalization, where individuals adopt societal norms and values as their own, guiding their behavior. Sanctions, on the other hand, are formal or informal penalties or rewards that reinforce compliance with societal norms. Together, these mechanisms ensure that individuals conform to societal expectations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Laws and Sanctions are not the only mechanisms of social control. While sanctions are correct, laws are a subset of formal sanctions and do not encompass the full range of social control mechanisms.
Option B: Internalization and Sanctions correctly identify the two primary mechanisms of social control. Internalization involves the internal adoption of societal norms, while sanctions are the consequences that reinforce these norms.
Option C: Yourself and Internalization is incorrect because "yourself" is not a recognized mechanism of social control. Internalization is correct, but it needs to be paired with sanctions for a complete answer.
Option D: Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft refer to types of social groups, not mechanisms of social control. Gemeinschaft refers to a community with strong social ties, while Gesellschaft refers to a society with more formal, impersonal relationships.

1350. Who is the fastest-growing population group among American workers? (2)

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Hispanics.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The fastest-growing population group among American workers is Hispanics.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the fastest-growing group with the largest group, which is not necessarily the same.

Explanations: Hispanics have been the fastest-growing population group among American workers due to high birth rates and immigration. This growth has significant implications for the labor market and demographic trends in the United States.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Hispanics are the fastest-growing population group among American workers.
Option B: Incorrect. Asians are a growing group but not the fastest-growing among American workers.
Option C: Incorrect. African Americans are a significant group but not the fastest-growing among American workers.
Option D: Incorrect. Germans are not a significant growing group among American workers.

Mnemonic: Hispanics: High Growth, Immigration, and Birth Rates (H.G.I.B.R.)

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 135”

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 135”

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