sociology MCQ questions answers

1361. Which of the following best describes the sociological perspective?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) It focuses on people at a social or group level.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Science Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The sociological perspective emphasizes the study of society and social behavior at a group level, rather than focusing on individual differences or intelligence.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that sociology focuses primarily on individual behavior or intelligence, rather than social structures and group dynamics.

Explanations: Sociology is a social science that studies society and social behavior. It examines how people interact within groups and how these interactions shape social structures and institutions. The sociological perspective is distinct from psychological perspectives, which often focus on individual behavior and intelligence. Therefore, the correct answer is that sociology focuses on people at a social or group level.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as the sociological perspective does not primarily focus on individual differences.
Option B: Incorrect, as the sociological perspective does not focus on the intelligence of individuals.
Option C: Correct, as the sociological perspective focuses on people at a social or group level.
Option D: Incorrect, as the sociological perspective is very interested in group behavior.

Mnemonic: Sociology: Study of Society, not Solo

1362. System of government that uses elected officials

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Representative democracy.

Exam Relevance: AP Government, IB Politics, SAT Government and Politics

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A representative democracy is a system of government where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse representative democracy with direct democracy, where citizens vote directly on laws and policies.

Explanations: In a representative democracy, elected officials are chosen by the people to represent their interests and make decisions on their behalf. This system allows for a more manageable and efficient governance structure compared to direct democracy, where all citizens would need to vote on every issue.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Representative democracy uses elected officials to make decisions on behalf of the citizens.
Option B: Incorrect. Socialism is an economic system that emphasizes collective or state ownership of the means of production, not a system of government based on elected officials.
Option C: Incorrect. Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership and market competition, not a system of government based on elected officials.
Option D: Incorrect. Pluralism is a political theory that advocates for the coexistence of multiple groups and interests within a society, not a system of government based on elected officials.

Mnemonic: Remember: "Rep" for Representative, "Demo" for Democracy.

1363. In American society, people tend to identify an individual by his or her

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Job.

Exam Relevance: AP US History, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In American society, individuals are often identified by their occupation or job. This reflects the cultural emphasis on career and professional identity.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that religion or marital status is the primary identifier in American society.

Explanations: In American society, a person's job is often a key identifier because it reflects their professional identity and societal contribution. This is deeply ingrained in social interactions and introductions, where asking "What do you do?" is a common way to understand someone's role in society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Job is a primary identifier in American society.
Option B: Incorrect. Husband is not a primary identifier in American society.
Option C: Incorrect. Wife is not a primary identifier in American society.
Option D: Incorrect. Religion is not a primary identifier in American society.

Mnemonic: Job = J for Justification

1364. Dual labour market. Primary market has good condition and a high pay scale. Secondary market has low status and lack of power.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Barron and Norris.

Exam Relevance: Economics, Sociology, Labour Studies

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The dual labour market theory distinguishes between a primary market with better conditions and higher pay, and a secondary market with lower status and less power.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the dual labour market theory with other labour market theories or misattribute the concept to different scholars.

Explanations: Barron and Norris are credited with the dual labour market theory, which posits that the labour market is divided into two segments: a primary market characterized by good working conditions and high pay, and a secondary market characterized by low status and limited power. This theory helps explain the persistence of inequality in the labour market.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Barron and Norris developed the dual labour market theory.
Option B: Incorrect. Rex and Thomlinson are not associated with the dual labour market theory.
Option C: Incorrect. Parkin is not known for the dual labour market theory.
Option D: Incorrect. Williams is not associated with the dual labour market theory.

Mnemonic: Barron Norris, Best and Not-so-Best

1365. One social characteristic affecting poverty is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Cultural background.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Work exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Cultural background can significantly influence poverty by shaping attitudes, behaviors, and access to resources.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cultural background with other social characteristics like life expectancy or life chances, which are more related to outcomes rather than underlying social factors.

Explanations: Cultural background affects poverty through various mechanisms such as social norms, values, and practices that can limit access to education, employment, and other resources. For example, certain cultural practices may discourage women from seeking education or employment, leading to higher poverty rates. Cultural background also influences how individuals and communities perceive and respond to poverty, which can perpetuate or alleviate poverty conditions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Life expectancy is a measure of health outcomes and does not directly influence poverty as a social characteristic.
Option B: Cultural background is a social characteristic that can significantly affect poverty through its influence on access to resources and social norms.
Option C: Endogamy refers to marriage within a specific group and does not directly relate to poverty as a social characteristic.
Option D: Life chances refer to the opportunities available to individuals, which are influenced by poverty rather than being a direct cause of it.

1366. Who are those people to whom we look to establish values & attitudes & to whom we use to evaluate ourselves?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Reference group.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Reference groups are those to whom we look to establish values, attitudes, and to whom we use to evaluate ourselves.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse reference groups with primary groups like family or friends, which are more personal and less influential in shaping broader societal values and attitudes.

Explanations: Reference groups are significant in social psychology and sociology as they influence an individual's behavior, attitudes, and values. These groups serve as a standard for comparison and evaluation. While family and friends can be reference groups, the term encompasses a broader range of groups that individuals use to form their self-concept and social identity. Therefore, the correct answer is the reference group.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Family group is a specific type of primary group and not the broad category of groups used for establishing values and attitudes.
Option B: Friends group is another specific type of primary group and not the broad category of groups used for establishing values and attitudes.
Option C: Secondary group is a broader category but does not specifically refer to the groups used for establishing values and attitudes.
Option D: Reference group is the correct term for the groups used to establish values, attitudes, and for self-evaluation.

Mnemonic: R-GROUP: Reference Groups Reflect Personal Values

1367. What is applied social research?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Research that aims to intervene in and improve social life.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Public Policy exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Applied social research focuses on practical applications and interventions to improve social conditions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse applied social research with theoretical research, which aims to develop or test theories rather than directly improve social conditions.

Explanations: Applied social research is characterized by its goal to directly impact and improve social life. This type of research is action-oriented and seeks to address real-world problems through interventions and practical solutions. It is distinct from theoretical research, which primarily aims to contribute to the development of theory.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes theoretical research, not applied social research.
Option B: While applied social research can be multidisciplinary, this is not a defining characteristic.
Option C: This accurately describes the goal of applied social research.
Option D: Research based on government priorities may be a subset of applied social research, but it is not the defining characteristic.

1368. Ibne Khaldun in his theories is near to.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Marx.

Exam Relevance: PhD Comprehensive Exams, Sociology Exams, Political Science Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Ibne Khaldun's theories on social and economic development share similarities with Karl Marx's ideas on historical materialism and class struggle.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Ibne Khaldun's theories with those of other sociologists like Durkheim or Comte, who focus more on social cohesion and positivism.

Explanations: Ibne Khaldun's theory of asabiyyah (social cohesion) and the rise and fall of civilizations is similar to Marx's concept of historical materialism, which emphasizes the role of economic factors in societal development. Both theorists emphasize the importance of material conditions and class dynamics in shaping social structures and historical processes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Durkheim's focus on social solidarity and functionalism does not align closely with Ibne Khaldun's ideas on class struggle and material conditions.
Option B: Comte's positivism and emphasis on scientific methods and social progress do not align with Ibne Khaldun's more historical and materialist approach.
Option C: Marx's historical materialism and focus on class struggle align closely with Ibne Khaldun's theories on the rise and fall of civilizations based on material conditions.
Option D: While Ibne Khaldun's theories have some overlap with other sociologists, the closest alignment is with Marx's materialist approach.

1369. A community that shares a government, common language, and culture.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) A nation.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, IB History, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A nation is a community that shares a common government, language, and culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a nation with a state or country, which can have different definitions.

Explanations: A nation is defined by a shared government, language, and culture. This aligns with the description given in the question. A state or country may not necessarily share a common language and culture, making them incorrect options.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A state is a political entity within a country and does not necessarily share a common language and culture.
Option B: A nation fits the description of a community with a shared government, language, and culture.
Option C: A school is an educational institution and does not fit the description of a community with a shared government, language, and culture.
Option D: A country can be a political entity that may not necessarily share a common language and culture.

Mnemonic: N-L-C: Nation, Language, Culture

1370. What word best describes the amount of money a person earns within a specific time period?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Income.

Exam Relevance: AP Economics, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Income refers to the amount of money a person earns within a specific time period, such as monthly or annually.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse income with wealth, which is the total value of assets owned minus liabilities.

Explanations: Income is the correct term for the amount of money a person earns within a specific time period. Wealth, on the other hand, refers to the total value of assets owned minus liabilities. Stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of society, and prestige refers to the level of respect or admiration associated with a position or status.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Wealth refers to the total value of assets owned minus liabilities, not the amount of money earned within a specific time period.
Option B: Stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of society, not the amount of money earned within a specific time period.
Option C: Income is the correct term for the amount of money a person earns within a specific time period.
Option D: Prestige refers to the level of respect or admiration associated with a position or status, not the amount of money earned within a specific time period.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 137”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 137”

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