sociology MCQ questions answers

1371. Believed in a societal survival of the fittest

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Social darwinism.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, IB History, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social Darwinism is the application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to human society, suggesting that certain groups or individuals are more fit to survive and thrive in society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Social Darwinism with other social theories that also involve competition, such as Social Folkism, which is not a recognized term.

Explanations: Social Darwinism is the belief that societal progress is driven by the survival of the fittest, where the strongest and most adaptable individuals or groups succeed. This concept aligns with the idea of a societal survival of the fittest.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social folkism is not a recognized term and does not relate to the concept of survival of the fittest in society.
Option B: Social Darwinism correctly describes the belief in societal survival of the fittest, aligning with the question.
Option C: Social mores refer to the customs and norms of a society, not the concept of survival of the fittest.
Option D: Social specifics is not a recognized term and does not relate to the concept of survival of the fittest in society.

Mnemonic: Survival of the fittest, society's natural selection.

1372. Unit 1, 2 nd 3 form part of:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Paper 1.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, MCAT

Difficulty: Very Easy

Concept notes: The question is about the structure of a specific exam paper, where units are grouped into different papers.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the grouping of units if they do not carefully review the exam structure.

Explanations: The correct answer is that Units 1, 2, and 3 form part of Paper 1. This is based on the given information that these units are grouped together in the same paper.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as Units 1, 2, and 3 are part of Paper 1.
Option B: Incorrect, as Units 1, 2, and 3 are not part of Paper 2.
Option C: Incorrect, as Units 1, 2, and 3 are not part of Paper 3.
Option D: Incorrect, as Units 1, 2, and 3 are part of Paper 1, not none of the above.

1373. ..... is an example of status inconsistency.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) A senior citizen attending college.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Status inconsistency occurs when an individual's social status in one domain does not match their status in another domain.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse status inconsistency with other sociological concepts such as role conflict or status inconsistency with status inconsistency in a single domain.

Explanations: A senior citizen attending college is an example of status inconsistency because the individual's age (senior citizen) typically aligns with a status of retirement or reduced activity, while attending college aligns with a status of youth and education. This mismatch between age and educational status exemplifies status inconsistency.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Owning a cat and a dog does not relate to social status inconsistency.
Option B: An 18-year-old graduating high school is a typical progression and does not indicate status inconsistency.
Option C: A divorced woman getting remarried does not inherently involve a mismatch in social statuses.
Option D: A senior citizen attending college represents a mismatch between age status and educational status, fitting the definition of status inconsistency.

Mnemonic: Senior in school, status clash.

1374. The movement of an individual from one social position to another of a different rank

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Vertical Mobility.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Vertical mobility refers to the movement of an individual from one social position to another of a different rank, either upward or downward.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse vertical mobility with horizontal mobility, which involves movement within the same social rank.

Explanations: Vertical mobility involves changes in social status, such as moving from a lower to a higher social class or vice versa. This concept is distinct from horizontal mobility, which involves movement within the same social rank. The correct answer, vertical mobility, accurately describes the movement of an individual from one social position to another of a different rank.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Vertical mobility involves changes in social status, either upward or downward.
Option B: Incorrect. Horizontal mobility involves movement within the same social rank, not changes in rank.
Option C: Incorrect. Social mobility is a broader term that includes both vertical and horizontal mobility.
Option D: Incorrect. Poverty is a state of lacking sufficient resources, not a type of social mobility.

1375. In sociology traditional societies appeal to an

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Authority.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In traditional societies, decisions and norms are often based on established authority figures or institutions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse authority with power, thinking they are interchangeable terms in sociological contexts.

Explanations: Traditional societies rely on established authority to maintain social order and continuity. Authority in this context refers to the recognized power to make decisions and enforce norms, often derived from cultural, religious, or familial traditions. This is distinct from power, which is more about the ability to influence or control others, and knowledge, which is about information and understanding. Caste systems can be a form of social stratification but do not directly address the concept of authority.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Authority is the correct answer as it aligns with the concept of traditional societies relying on established figures or institutions for decision-making and norm enforcement.
Option B: Power is related but not the same as authority; it is more about the ability to influence or control.
Option C: Knowledge is important but does not directly address the concept of decision-making and norm enforcement in traditional societies.
Option D: Caste is a form of social stratification but does not directly address the concept of authority.

Mnemonic: A: Authority, Always Answering

1376. Robert Merton called for a style of sociology that avoids extremes: it focuses on institutions, not tiny groups and not whole societies, and it holds theory and empirical observation in balance. This type of study is called ..... theory.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Midrange.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Midrange theory in sociology focuses on a balanced approach that avoids extremes by studying institutions rather than tiny groups or whole societies, and by maintaining a balance between theory and empirical observation.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse midrange theory with other sociological theories that focus on different levels of analysis, such as micro-level or macro-level theories.

Explanations: Robert Merton's midrange theory emphasizes a balanced approach in sociology. It avoids the extremes of focusing solely on tiny groups or entire societies. Instead, it focuses on institutions and maintains a balance between theoretical concepts and empirical observation. This makes midrange theory the correct choice as it aligns with the described characteristics.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Midrange theory aligns with the described characteristics of avoiding extremes and focusing on institutions.
Option B: Incorrect. Freudian theory is a psychological theory and does not fit the sociological context described.
Option C: Incorrect. Highrange is not a recognized sociological theory.
Option D: Incorrect. Socialist theory focuses on economic and political structures rather than the balanced approach described.

1377. The merging of majority and minority groups as happened in Brazil is called.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Amalgamation.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Amalgamation refers to the process of merging or combining different groups into a single, unified group. In the context of Brazil, this term describes the blending of majority and minority groups into a more homogeneous society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse amalgamation with acculturation, which involves the adoption of cultural traits from another group, rather than the merging of groups.

Explanations: Amalgamation is the correct term for the merging of majority and minority groups into a single, unified group. In Brazil, this process has led to a society where racial and ethnic distinctions are less pronounced, reflecting a blending of different cultural and racial backgrounds.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Segregation involves the separation of groups, which is the opposite of what happened in Brazil.
Option B: Acculturation involves the adoption of cultural traits from another group, not the merging of groups.
Option C: Accommodation refers to the adjustment of one group to the presence of another, but does not imply the merging of groups.
Option D: Amalgamation correctly describes the merging of majority and minority groups into a single, unified group.

Mnemonic: A: Amalgamation - All Merged, All One

1378. What is the basis for the type of knowledge called science?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Empirical evidence gained through direct, systematic observation.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, DAT, OAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Science is based on empirical evidence, which is evidence obtained through direct, systematic observation and experimentation.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse empirical evidence with anecdotal evidence or traditional knowledge, which are not as rigorously tested or systematic.

Explanations: Science relies on empirical evidence, which is gathered through systematic observation and experimentation. This approach ensures that findings are based on objective, measurable data rather than subjective experiences or beliefs. Empirical evidence is the foundation of scientific knowledge because it allows for the testing and validation of hypotheses through repeatable experiments and observations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Trial-and-error learning gained through experience is not the basis of science, as it lacks the systematic and rigorous approach required in scientific methodology.
Option B: Faith in that which cannot be proven is not a scientific approach, as science requires evidence and empirical data to support claims.
Option C: Empirical evidence gained through direct, systematic observation is the correct basis for scientific knowledge, as it involves rigorous testing and validation.
Option D: Acceptance of a body of facts passed from one generation to the next is not the basis of science, as it does not involve the systematic and empirical methods required in scientific inquiry.

1379. India followed a mixed model of economic development since its independence from the foreign rule but was compelled to adopt LPG Policy. In which year the LPG Policy was adopted in India as a model of economic growth?

Exam Relevance: UPSC, IAS, Civil Services, Competitive Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization) policy was adopted in India in 1991 as a response to a severe balance of payments crisis. However, the year 1990 is often cited as the beginning of the process leading to the full implementation of the LPG policy in 1991.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the exact year of implementation with the year the process began, leading to errors in selecting the correct year.

Explanations: The LPG policy was initiated in 1990 as a response to the economic crisis India faced. The actual implementation and full adoption of the policy occurred in 1991, but the process began in 1990. Therefore, 1990 is considered the year when the LPG policy was adopted as a model of economic growth in India.

Option Analysis:

Option A: 1980 is incorrect as the LPG policy was not initiated until the early 1990s.
Option B: 1989 is incorrect as the LPG policy was not initiated until the early 1990s.
Option C: 1990 is correct as it marks the beginning of the LPG policy adoption process.
Option D: 1993 is incorrect as the LPG policy was fully implemented by 1991.

Mnemonic: LPG: Look Past 1990

1380. Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical perspective makes use of the concept of capital Which of the following is not part of his scheme?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Political.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Pierre Bourdieu's theory of capital includes economic, social, and cultural capital. Political capital is not part of his original scheme.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse political capital with social capital, as both involve social interactions and influence.

Explanations: Pierre Bourdieu's theory of capital includes three main forms: economic capital, social capital, and cultural capital. Economic capital refers to financial resources and assets. Social capital involves networks and relationships. Cultural capital encompasses knowledge, education, and cultural competencies. Political capital, while a recognized concept in other sociological contexts, is not included in Bourdieu's original framework.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Political capital is not part of Bourdieu's scheme.
Option B: Economic capital is part of Bourdieu's scheme.
Option C: Social capital is part of Bourdieu's scheme.
Option D: Cultural capital is part of Bourdieu's scheme.

Mnemonic: ECS, not P

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 138”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 138”

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