sociology MCQ questions answers

1381. Weber's view that sociologists must not allow their personal biases to affect the conduct of their research is called.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Value-free sociology.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Science Research Methods

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Value-free sociology is the principle that sociologists should strive to conduct research without allowing personal biases to influence their work.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse value-free sociology with other sociological concepts such as Verstehen, which focuses on understanding the subjective meanings individuals attach to their actions.

Explanations: Weber's view emphasizes the importance of maintaining objectivity in sociological research. This means that sociologists should not let their personal values or biases affect their research methods, data collection, or interpretation of findings. This principle is known as value-free sociology.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Verstehen refers to the interpretive understanding of social action, not the absence of bias in research.
Option B: Dialectical materialism is a Marxist theory about the material conditions of society, not a principle of research objectivity.
Option C: Social facts are societal norms and values that exist independently of individuals, not a principle of research methodology.
Option D: Value-free sociology is the correct term for the principle that sociologists should conduct research without personal biases.

1382. Which of the following is Mead's first stage in the development of role taking where children begin to imitatebehaviors without understanding why?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Imitation stage.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Mead's stages of role taking describe how children develop social understanding. The first stage is the Imitation stage, where children mimic behaviors they observe without understanding the underlying reasons.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Imitation stage with the Play stage, where children begin to take on the role of a single other person.

Explanations: In the Imitation stage, children observe and copy behaviors of others without grasping the social context or reasons behind those behaviors. This stage is foundational for later stages where children begin to understand and take on multiple roles.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The Imitation stage is the first stage where children imitate behaviors without understanding the reasons.
Option B: Incorrect. The Play stage is the second stage where children begin to take on the role of a single other person.
Option C: Incorrect. The Game stage is the third stage where children can take on multiple roles simultaneously.
Option D: Incorrect. This option is not applicable as the Imitation stage is the correct answer.

1383. Which form of culture includes: being a part of society, but not agreeing with everything so you become your own group.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Subculture.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Subculture refers to a group of people within a larger culture who share distinct values, norms, and behaviors that set them apart from the dominant culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse subculture with counter culture, as both involve groups that differ from the mainstream culture. However, counter culture actively opposes the dominant culture, while subculture may not necessarily be in opposition.

Explanations: Subculture is the correct answer because it describes a group that is part of a larger society but has its own distinct values and norms, which may not fully align with the dominant culture. This aligns with the description of being part of society but not agreeing with everything, thus forming a separate group.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Subculture is the correct answer as it describes a group within a larger culture that has distinct values and norms.
Option B: Counter Culture is incorrect because it involves actively opposing the dominant culture, which is not necessarily the case here.
Option C: Material Culture refers to physical objects and artifacts, not social groups.
Option D: Non-Material Culture refers to ideas, beliefs, and values, not social groups.

Mnemonic: Subculture: Sub-group within a culture.

1384. Socorro, a research assistant at the university, uses ..... to explore background assumptions that underlie human behavior.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Ethnomethodology.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Ethnomethodology is a sociological research approach that focuses on the methods people use to make sense of their social world and the underlying assumptions that guide their behavior.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse ethnomethodology with dramaturgy, which focuses on the performance aspect of social interactions rather than the underlying assumptions.

Explanations: Ethnomethodology is the correct answer because it specifically involves exploring the background assumptions that underlie human behavior. This approach examines how individuals construct and maintain their understanding of social reality through everyday interactions and practices.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Ethnomethodology is the correct choice as it focuses on the underlying assumptions of human behavior.
Option B: Dramaturgy focuses on the performance aspect of social interactions, not the underlying assumptions.
Option C: Face-saving behavior is a concept related to maintaining social harmony and does not directly explore underlying assumptions.
Option D: Impression management involves controlling the information others receive about oneself, which is different from exploring underlying assumptions.

Mnemonic: E for Ethnomethodology, E for Explore.

1385. Who would most likely say, "competition is at the heart of social relationships?"

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Herbert Spencer.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Philosophy of Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Herbert Spencer was a social theorist who believed that competition was a fundamental aspect of social relationships, mirroring the principles of natural selection.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Herbert Spencer with other social theorists who had different views on competition and social relationships.

Explanations: Herbert Spencer, influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, applied the concept of "survival of the fittest" to human societies. He argued that competition was essential for societal progress and that the fittest individuals would naturally rise to the top. This perspective aligns with the statement that "competition is at the heart of social relationships."

Option Analysis:

Option A: Emile Durkheim focused on social solidarity and the division of labor, not competition.
Option B: Herbert Spencer believed that competition was a fundamental aspect of social relationships, aligning with the statement.
Option C: Max Weber emphasized rationalization and bureaucracy in society, not competition.
Option D: Karl Marx focused on class struggle and economic determinism, not competition as a general social principle.

Mnemonic: Survival of the Fittest, Spencer's Spin

1386. Communism emerged as an ideology in reaction to conditions following.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The Industrial Revolution.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, IB History, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Communism emerged as a response to the social and economic conditions created by the Industrial Revolution.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the timing of communism's emergence with other significant historical events, such as the French Revolution.

Explanations: The Industrial Revolution led to significant social and economic changes, including the rise of industrial capitalism, urbanization, and the exploitation of the working class. These conditions prompted thinkers like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to develop the ideology of communism, which aimed to address the inequalities and injustices they observed in the capitalist system.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The French Revolution was a political upheaval that occurred before the Industrial Revolution and did not directly lead to the development of communism.
Option B: Starvation in Ireland, such as the Great Famine, was a specific event and not a broad social movement that led to the emergence of communism.
Option C: The Industrial Revolution created the social and economic conditions that led to the development of communism as a response to the exploitation of the working class.
Option D: The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement that occurred long before the emergence of communism and did not directly influence its development.

1387. A researcher sends you a form to fill out concerning your favorite books. This is an example of a.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Questionnaire.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, A-Level Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A questionnaire is a research tool consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a questionnaire with other research methods like field studies or case studies, which involve more direct observation or in-depth analysis.

Explanations: The form sent by the researcher to gather information about favorite books is a questionnaire because it involves a set of questions designed to collect data from respondents.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A field study involves direct observation and data collection in a natural setting, not a form sent to respondents.
Option B: A case study involves an in-depth analysis of a particular individual, group, or event, not a form sent to respondents.
Option C: Participant observation involves researchers actively participating in the setting they are studying, not a form sent to respondents.
Option D: A questionnaire is a set of questions designed to gather information from respondents, which matches the scenario described.

1388. "Father of Communism"

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Karl Marx.

Exam Relevance: AP European History, Political Science Exams, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Karl Marx is widely recognized as the "Father of Communism" due to his influential works and theories on the subject.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Karl Marx with other social theorists such as Herbert Spencer or Max Weber, who have different contributions to sociology and political theory.

Explanations: Karl Marx is known for his foundational work in developing the theory of communism, which includes the critique of capitalism and the idea of a classless society. His works, such as "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital," have been pivotal in shaping the understanding of communism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Herbert Spencer is known for his work in social Darwinism, not communism.
Option B: Karl Marx is the correct answer as he is the "Father of Communism."
Option C: Max Weber is known for his contributions to the study of bureaucracy and rationalization, not communism.
Option D: W.E.B. Du Bois is known for his work in civil rights and sociology, not communism.

1389. Famous for his study on suicides (1897)

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Emile Durkheim.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Emile Durkheim is renowned for his sociological study "Suicide" published in 1897, which is a foundational work in the field of sociology.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Emile Durkheim with other sociologists or mistakenly attribute the study to a different time period.

Explanations: Emile Durkheim's study on suicide, published in 1897, is a seminal work in sociology. It introduced the concept of social integration and the impact of social factors on individual behavior. Durkheim's analysis of suicide rates across different social groups provided a framework for understanding how societal structures influence individual actions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Harriet Martineau is known for her contributions to early sociology and feminist theory, but not for a study on suicides.
Option B: Jane Addams is recognized for her work in social reform and the establishment of Hull House, but not for a study on suicides.
Option C: Emile Durkheim is famous for his sociological study on suicides published in 1897, making this the correct answer.
Option D: George Herbert Mead is known for his contributions to symbolic interactionism, but not for a study on suicides.

Mnemonic: D for Durkheim, D for Death (suicide).

1390. Today, the net worth of each U.S. household in the wealthiest 1% is nearly ..... times greater than the net worth of the median U.S. household.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) 50.

Exam Relevance: Economics exams, Sociology exams, Public Policy exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question pertains to the wealth distribution in the United States, specifically focusing on the net worth of the wealthiest 1% compared to the median household.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the net worth with annual income, leading to incorrect estimations.

Explanations: The net worth of the wealthiest 1% of U.S. households is nearly 50 times greater than the net worth of the median U.S. household. This figure reflects the significant wealth disparity in the United States, where a small percentage of the population holds a disproportionately large share of the total wealth.

Option Analysis:

Option A: 25 is too low, as the wealth gap is significantly larger.
Option B: 50 is the correct figure based on recent economic data.
Option C: 100 is an overestimation of the wealth gap.
Option D: 300 is an extreme overestimation and not reflective of current economic data.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 139”

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 139”

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