sociology MCQ questions answers

1431. These are functions that are intended and recognized. Schools are for education.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Manifest.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Manifest functions are those that are intended and recognized by the individuals involved in the social structure. In the context of schools, the primary function of education is a manifest function because it is the intended and recognized purpose of the institution.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse manifest functions with latent functions, which are unintended and unrecognized consequences of social structures.

Explanations: The correct answer is manifest because schools are explicitly designed and recognized for the purpose of education. This is an intended function that is openly acknowledged and pursued by the institution and its stakeholders.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Manifest functions are intended and recognized, which applies to the educational purpose of schools.
Option B: Incorrect. Latent functions are unintended and unrecognized consequences, which do not apply to the primary purpose of schools.
Option C: Incorrect. Dysfunction refers to negative consequences, which is not the primary purpose of schools.
Option D: Incorrect. Symbolic interaction is a theory about how people act based on the meaning they ascribe to things, which is not directly related to the intended purpose of schools.

1432. The type of foreign policy decisions made by the governmental bureaucracy fall into the category of.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Administrative foreign policy.

Exam Relevance: International Relations Exams, Political Science Exams, Public Administration Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Administrative foreign policy refers to the day-to-day decisions and actions taken by the governmental bureaucracy to implement and manage foreign policy.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse administrative foreign policy with crisis decisions, which are more urgent and reactive.

Explanations: The governmental bureaucracy is responsible for the implementation and management of foreign policy through routine and procedural actions. These decisions are categorized as administrative foreign policy because they involve the ongoing management and execution of established policies rather than the creation of new policies or crisis management.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Crisis decisions are reactive and urgent responses to unforeseen events, not routine administrative actions.
Option B: Administrative foreign policy involves the routine management and implementation of foreign policy by the bureaucracy.
Option C: Legislative decisions are made by the legislative branch, not the bureaucracy, and involve the creation of new laws and policies.
Option D: Constructive foreign policy involves the creation of new policies and strategies, not the routine management of existing ones.

1433. Which one of the following is an economic system that is typically found in contemporary societies?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Socialism.

Exam Relevance: Economics, Political Science, Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Socialism is an economic system where the means of production are owned and controlled by the state or community. It is a system that is still prevalent in some contemporary societies.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that feudalism or slavery are still prevalent in contemporary societies, but these systems are largely historical.

Explanations: Socialism is an economic system that is still found in contemporary societies, such as in countries like Cuba and China. Feudalism and slavery are historical systems that are not typically found in modern societies. Therefore, the correct answer is socialism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Socialism is an economic system where the state or community controls the means of production, and it is still present in some contemporary societies.
Option B: Feudalism is a historical system where land is held in exchange for service or labor, and it is not typically found in contemporary societies.
Option C: Slavery is a historical system where individuals are owned by others, and it is not typically found in contemporary societies.
Option D: This option suggests that all of the above are found in contemporary societies, which is incorrect as feudalism and slavery are not prevalent today.

Mnemonic: SOS: Socialism, Ownership, State

1434. Vestiges of a caste system exist today in .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) India & South Africa.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The caste system is a social stratification system that has historically been prevalent in India. In South Africa, a similar system of racial segregation known as apartheid existed, which can be seen as a vestige of a caste-like system.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the caste system with other forms of social stratification or may not be aware of the historical context of apartheid in South Africa.

Explanations: The caste system in India is a traditional social hierarchy that has persisted for centuries, dividing society into various castes based on birth. In South Africa, the apartheid system, although not a caste system in the traditional sense, enforced racial segregation and discrimination, which can be seen as a modern vestige of a caste-like system. Other options like Australia, Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and South American countries do not have such a historically entrenched caste system or similar social stratification.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. India has a long-standing caste system, and South Africa had apartheid, which can be seen as a modern vestige of a caste-like system.
Option B: Incorrect. Australia does not have a caste system or similar social stratification.
Option C: Incorrect. Southeast Asia and the Philippines do not have a caste system like India or a similar system like apartheid in South Africa.
Option D: Incorrect. South American countries do not have a caste system or similar social stratification.

Mnemonic: Caste in India, Apartheid in Africa

1435. Most members of society are involved in similar occupations and have similar values .Bound together by common experience and shared beliefs .The above statements refer to

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Mechanical solidarity.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Mechanical solidarity refers to a type of social cohesion where members of a society are bound together by shared values, beliefs, and similar occupations. This concept is often associated with Emile Durkheim's sociological theory.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse mechanical solidarity with organic solidarity, which involves a more complex division of labor and interdependence among individuals.

Explanations: Mechanical solidarity is characterized by a society where most members share similar occupations and values, leading to a strong sense of collective consciousness. This shared experience and common beliefs bind the members together, fitting the description provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social facts refer to societal norms and values that exist independently of individual actions, but do not specifically describe the type of social cohesion described in the question.
Option B: Mechanical solidarity accurately describes a society where members are bound together by shared values and similar occupations, matching the description in the question.
Option C: Organic solidarity refers to a more complex society with a division of labor and interdependence, which does not fit the description of shared values and similar occupations.
Option D: Since only mechanical solidarity fits the description, this option is incorrect.

1436. Who teaches children norms and values of a culture?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Family.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Family is the primary social unit responsible for teaching children the norms and values of a culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that schools or media play the primary role in teaching cultural norms and values.

Explanations: Family members, such as parents and siblings, are the first and most influential socializers in a child's life. They teach children the basic rules, behaviors, and values that are important in their culture. This includes language, customs, and social expectations. While other institutions like schools and media also contribute, the foundational cultural education typically begins and is reinforced within the family.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Friends can influence a child's behavior and values, but they are not the primary source of cultural norms and values.
Option B: Family is the primary source of cultural norms and values for children.
Option C: Schools play a role in reinforcing cultural norms and values, but they are not the primary source.
Option D: Media can influence cultural norms and values, but it is not the primary source of teaching these to children.

Mnemonic: FAMILY - First and Main Influence on Learning Your Identity

1437. Politics may be defined as.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The process by which individuals and groups acquire power.

Exam Relevance: AP Government, Political Science Exams, International Relations Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Politics is fundamentally about the acquisition and exercise of power within a society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse politics with the enforcement of laws or the use of force, which are related but not the core definition.

Explanations: The process by which individuals and groups acquire power is the core definition of politics. This includes the mechanisms and strategies used to gain influence, control, and authority over others. While the enforcement of laws and the use of force are aspects of political power, they are not the defining characteristics of politics itself.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes a function of the legal system rather than the core definition of politics.
Option B: This describes a function of the state or government, but not the fundamental process of politics.
Option C: This correctly defines politics as the process of acquiring power.
Option D: This is incorrect because not all of the options are correct definitions of politics.

1438. A written set of questions to be answered by a research participant

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Questionnaire.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Market Research exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A questionnaire is a written set of questions designed to gather information from research participants.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a questionnaire with an interview, which is a verbal exchange of questions and answers.

Explanations: A questionnaire is a written set of questions to be answered by a research participant, which aligns with the definition provided in the question. This makes it the correct choice.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. A questionnaire is a written set of questions to be answered by a research participant.
Option B: Incorrect. An interview is a verbal exchange of questions and answers, not a written set of questions.
Option C: Incorrect. An open-ended question allows for a wide range of responses but does not define a set of questions as a whole.
Option D: Incorrect. A close-ended question has predefined answers but does not define a set of questions as a whole.

1439. Field of study that began because of American Revolution/French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution and Aguste Comte

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Sociology.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE, MCAT </

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sociology is the study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture. It emerged as a distinct field of study in the 19th century, influenced by significant historical events such as the American Revolution, French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse sociology with other social sciences like history or economics, which also study societal changes but focus on different aspects.

Explanations: Sociology began as a distinct field of study in the 19th century, largely due to the social upheavals and transformations brought about by the American Revolution, French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution. These events led to significant changes in social structures, economic systems, and political ideologies, prompting scholars to study these changes systematically. Auguste Comte, often considered the father of sociology, coined the term "sociology" and emphasized the need for a scientific approach to understanding society. Thus, sociology emerged as a response to the need for a new way of understanding the complex social changes of the time.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Sociology is the correct answer as it emerged as a distinct field of study in the 19th century, influenced by the American Revolution, French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution.
Option B: History studies past events and their causes, but it does not specifically emerge as a field due to these revolutions and the Industrial Revolution.
Option C: Economics focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, but it does not specifically emerge as a field due to these revolutions and the Industrial Revolution.
Option D: Biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment, and it does not specifically emerge as a field due to these revolutions and the Industrial Revolution.

1440. Consider the following Statements: Groups can only be categorized in terms of membership and nothing more. The self is an identity and designation that sets us apart from other people. Characteristics of a group are separate from the individuals who form them Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Only 2, 3.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The self is indeed an identity and designation that sets us apart from other people, and characteristics of a group are separate from the individuals who form them. However, groups can be categorized based on more than just membership.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that groups can only be categorized by membership, overlooking other potential criteria.

Explanations: Statement 2 is true because the self is an identity that distinguishes an individual from others. Statement 3 is true because the characteristics of a group, such as its goals or activities, are distinct from the individual members. Statement 1 is false because groups can be categorized based on various criteria, not just membership.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because statement 1 is false.
Option B: Incorrect because statement 1 is false.
Option C: Incorrect because statement 1 is false.
Option D: Correct because statements 2 and 3 are true.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 144”

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 144”

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