sociology MCQ questions answers

1461. Observation style where participants most likely do not even know they are being observed.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Naturalistic.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Research Methods exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Naturalistic observation involves studying subjects in their natural environment without interference from the observer. Participants are typically unaware they are being observed, which allows for more authentic and unbiased data collection.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse naturalistic observation with participant observation, where the observer is actively involved and known to the participants.

Explanations: Naturalistic observation is characterized by the observer's non-intrusive presence, allowing participants to behave naturally without awareness of being observed. This method is particularly useful for gathering data on behaviors in real-life settings without the influence of the observer's presence.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Participant observation involves the observer actively participating in the group being studied, which means participants are aware of the observer's presence.
Option B: Naturalistic observation involves observing subjects in their natural environment without their knowledge, making it the correct choice.
Option C: Structured observation involves a predefined set of behaviors to observe, often in a controlled setting, and participants may be aware of the observation.
Option D: This option is not applicable as the correct answer is clearly defined.

1462. What type of society is the US in right now?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Post -Industrial.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, Sociology Exams, Economics Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The United States is currently classified as a post-industrial society, characterized by a shift from manufacturing to service and information-based economies.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the post-industrial society with the industrial society, which is characterized by a focus on manufacturing and heavy industry.

Explanations: The United States has transitioned from an industrial society to a post-industrial society. In a post-industrial society, the economy is dominated by service and information sectors rather than manufacturing. This shift is evident in the U.S. economy, where the majority of jobs are in service industries, and technological advancements play a significant role. The post-industrial society is marked by a focus on knowledge, information, and services, which aligns with the current economic structure of the U.S.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Pre-Industrial societies are characterized by agricultural economies and are not applicable to the current U.S. economic structure.
Option B: Post-Industrial societies are characterized by a shift from manufacturing to service and information-based economies, which accurately describes the current U.S. economy.
Option C: Industrial societies are characterized by a focus on manufacturing and heavy industry, which does not align with the current U.S. economic structure.
Option D: This option is not applicable as it does not provide a valid classification for the U.S. society.

1463. Collective means which of the following?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) A large group who act together for a common purpose.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Psychology, High School Social Studies

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The term "collective" refers to a group of individuals who come together to achieve a shared goal or purpose.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the term "collective" with other sociological concepts such as "system" or "social structure."

Explanations: The term "collective" specifically denotes a large group of people who act together for a common purpose. This aligns with the definition provided in Option A. The other options describe different sociological concepts that do not match the definition of "collective."

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correctly defines a collective as a large group acting together for a common purpose.
Option B: Describes a systemic view of society, not a collective.
Option C: Refers to social structures within societies, not a collective.
Option D: Focuses on small groups and their impact on society, not a collective.

1464. Which theoretical perspective would say societies are in relative balance, all parts working together for the whole.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Functionalism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Functionalism is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functionalism with conflict theory, which focuses on the struggle between different social groups.

Explanations: Functionalism posits that all parts of society work together in harmony to maintain the stability and balance of the whole. This perspective emphasizes the interdependence of social institutions and their roles in maintaining social order.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Functionalism views society as a system where all parts work together for the whole.
Option B: Incorrect. Conflict theory focuses on the struggle between different social groups, not on balance and harmony.
Option C: Incorrect. Symbolic interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interaction, not on the balance of society as a whole.
Option D: Incorrect. This option is not applicable as functionalism is the correct answer.

1465. Which is a positive aspect of bureaucratic administration?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Its being objective oriented.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, Management Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Bureaucratic administration is characterized by its adherence to rules and procedures, which can lead to objectivity in decision-making.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the mechanical adherence to rules with the positive aspect of objectivity.

Explanations: Bureaucratic administration emphasizes adherence to rules and procedures, which can result in decisions that are objective and consistent. This objectivity is a positive aspect as it ensures fairness and uniformity in administrative processes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Red tapism is a negative aspect of bureaucratic administration, characterized by excessive rules and formalities that can hinder efficiency.
Option B: Mechanical adherence to rules can be seen as a negative aspect as it may lead to inflexibility and a lack of consideration for individual circumstances.
Option C: Being objective oriented is a positive aspect as it ensures fairness and consistency in decision-making processes.
Option D: Indifference towards feelings of individuals is a negative aspect as it can lead to a lack of empathy and poor customer service.

1466. Socioeconomic status is determined by

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Educational level and place of residence.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Socioeconomic status is a measure of an individual's or group's economic and social position within a society. It is typically determined by factors such as educational attainment and geographic location.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that caste, ethnicity, age, gender, race, or popularity are primary determinants of socioeconomic status.

Explanations: Socioeconomic status is primarily determined by educational level and place of residence. Educational level reflects the individual's access to resources and opportunities, while place of residence can indicate the economic conditions and social environment of the area. These factors are more directly related to economic and social standing than other demographic characteristics.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Caste and ethnicity are cultural and social factors, not direct indicators of socioeconomic status.
Option B: Age, gender, and race are demographic characteristics that do not directly determine socioeconomic status.
Option C: Popularity and class are subjective and less precise measures compared to educational level and place of residence.
Option D: Educational level and place of residence are key factors in determining socioeconomic status.

Mnemonic: EduPlace = SocioEcoStatus

1467. Who found that 77% of workers under 20 earned below the living wage?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) The Resolution Foundation.

Exam Relevance: Civil Service Exam, Banking Exams, UPSC

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Resolution Foundation is a think tank that conducts research on living standards and economic policy. It often publishes reports on wage trends and living standards, particularly focusing on younger workers.

Common Mistakes: Students might confuse the name of the foundation with similar-sounding organizations, such as the Revolution Foundation, Restitution Foundation, or Retrospective Foundation.

Explanations: The Resolution Foundation is known for its research on wage trends and living standards, particularly focusing on younger workers. The claim that 77% of workers under 20 earned below the living wage aligns with the type of research and findings typically published by the Resolution Foundation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Revolution Foundation is not known for this type of research.
Option B: The Restitution Foundation is not a recognized organization in this context.
Option C: The Retrospective Foundation is not a recognized organization in this context.
Option D: The Resolution Foundation is a well-known think tank that conducts research on living standards and wage trends.

Mnemonic: R for Resolution, R for Research.

1468. The 'collective bargaining' usually centre around

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Share in profit, job security and good working conditions.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Collective bargaining is a process where workers negotiate with employers to improve their terms of employment.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse collective bargaining with other labor-management relations, such as corporate responsibility or new technology adoption.

Explanations: Collective bargaining typically centers around improving workers' terms of employment, which includes sharing in profits, ensuring job security, and maintaining good working conditions. These are the primary concerns of workers and unions during negotiations with employers.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option correctly identifies the main areas of focus in collective bargaining.
Option B: Job satisfaction and new technology are not primary concerns in collective bargaining.
Option C: Exploitation, profit generation, and reinvestment are not typical goals of collective bargaining.
Option D: Corporate responsibility and global networking are not directly related to collective bargaining.

1469. Simple collection of people who happened to be together in a particular place but do not significantly interact or identify with one another.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Social aggregates.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Social aggregates are groups of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time but do not have significant interaction or a sense of belonging to a group.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social aggregates with social categories, which are groups of people who share a common characteristic but do not necessarily interact.

Explanations: Social aggregates are defined by the temporary and non-interactive nature of the group. They do not form a cohesive unit or have a shared identity, which distinguishes them from social categories and social groups.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Social aggregates are groups of people who are together in a place but do not significantly interact or identify with one another.
Option B: Incorrect. Social categories are groups of people who share a common characteristic but do not necessarily interact.
Option C: Incorrect. Social groups are characterized by significant interaction and a shared identity.
Option D: Incorrect. This option is not applicable as the correct answer is provided.

1470. According to Weeks et al which ONE of the following is a characteristic of gay and lesbian partnerships?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Shared emotional labour.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Gender Studies exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: According to Weeks et al, shared emotional labour is a characteristic of gay and lesbian partnerships.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that fixed domestic roles are a characteristic of gay and lesbian partnerships, but research indicates a more egalitarian distribution of emotional labour.

Explanations: Weeks et al's research highlights that in gay and lesbian partnerships, emotional labour is often shared more equally compared to heterosexual partnerships. Emotional labour involves the work of managing and maintaining relationships, which includes tasks like communication, support, and conflict resolution. This shared responsibility is a key characteristic of these partnerships.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Fixed domestic roles are not a characteristic of gay and lesbian partnerships according to Weeks et al.
Option B: Shared emotional labour is a characteristic of gay and lesbian partnerships according to Weeks et al.
Option C: Limited relational commitment is not a characteristic of gay and lesbian partnerships according to Weeks et al.
Option D: Significant power imbalance is not a characteristic of gay and lesbian partnerships according to Weeks et al.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 147”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 147”

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