sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

151. WHO WAS MARTINEAU?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) FIRST WOMAN OF SOCIOLOGY, WHO FOUGHT FOR EQUALITY.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Women's Studies exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Harriet Martineau is recognized as one of the first women in sociology and a prominent advocate for social equality.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Harriet Martineau with other early sociologists or social thinkers.

Explanations: Harriet Martineau is known for her contributions to sociology, particularly as one of the first women to engage in sociological work. She wrote extensively on social issues and advocated for equality, making her a significant figure in the early development of sociology. Her work focused on social reform and critiqued the social conditions of her time, especially regarding gender and class inequalities.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Harriet Martineau is recognized as the first woman in sociology and a strong advocate for equality.
Option B: Incorrect. Auguste Comte is often referred to as the "Father of Sociology," not Martineau.
Option C: Incorrect. Social Darwinism is associated with Herbert Spencer, not Martineau.
Option D: Incorrect. This option is not applicable as Martineau is a significant figure in sociology.

152. Who among the following sociologists used dramaturgy to explain the presentation of self in everyday life?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Goffman.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Erving Goffman used the concept of dramaturgy to explain the presentation of self in everyday life.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Goffman with other sociologists who have contributed to the study of social interaction.

Explanations: Erving Goffman introduced the concept of dramaturgy in his work "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life." He argued that individuals in social interactions are like actors on a stage, performing roles and managing impressions to achieve desired outcomes. This theory emphasizes the importance of social settings and the ways in which individuals present themselves to others.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Herbert Blumer is known for symbolic interactionism, not dramaturgy.
Option B: Erving Goffman developed the concept of dramaturgy to explain social interactions.
Option C: Thomas Luckmann is associated with the sociology of knowledge and the construction of reality, not dramaturgy.
Option D: Alfred Schutz is known for phenomenological sociology and the concept of the "lifeworld," not dramaturgy.

Mnemonic: Goffman's Stage: Goffman's dramaturgy is like a stage where we perform our social roles.

153. THIS DEFINES A PATTERN OF BEHAVIORS BY A PARTICULAR GROUP?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) SOCIAL FACTS.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Social facts refer to patterns of behavior, beliefs, and practices that are external to the individual and exert a coercive influence on them.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social facts with values or status/role, which are related but distinct concepts.

Explanations: Social facts define patterns of behaviors by a particular group. They are external to individuals and exert a coercive influence on them, shaping their actions and beliefs. This makes social facts the correct answer as they directly address the pattern of behaviors within a group.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social facts are patterns of behavior that are external and coercive, fitting the description of a pattern of behaviors by a particular group.
Option B: Values are principles or standards of behavior; they do not define patterns of behavior as coercively as social facts do.
Option C: Status/role refers to the position and expected behavior of an individual within a social group, but it does not encompass the broader pattern of behaviors by the group as a whole.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect because social facts do define the pattern of behaviors by a particular group.

154. Things have meaning because we as a society agree that those things have a certain meaning. These shared meanings create society.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Symbolic Interactionism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Symbolic Interactionism is a sociological theory that focuses on the symbols and meanings that people develop and share in their interactions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Symbolic Interactionism with other sociological theories such as Functionalism or Conflict Theory, which focus on different aspects of social structure and interaction.

Explanations: Symbolic Interactionism emphasizes the role of symbols and meanings in social interactions. It posits that individuals interpret and give meaning to their social world through shared symbols and meanings. This aligns with the statement that things have meaning because society agrees on their meanings, which creates the basis for social interactions and society itself.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalism focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain stability, which does not directly address the concept of shared meanings.
Option B: Conflict Theory emphasizes the struggle between different groups in society, which is not directly related to the creation of shared meanings.
Option C: Symbolic Interactionism is the correct answer as it focuses on the shared meanings and symbols that individuals use in their interactions.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect because Symbolic Interactionism is the appropriate theory for the given statement.

155. Which type of sample ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance at being included?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Random.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, IB Mathematics, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A random sample ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being included.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse random sampling with other types of sampling methods, such as convenience sampling, which does not ensure equal probability.

Explanations: In a random sample, each member of the population has an equal probability of being selected. This method minimizes bias and ensures that the sample is representative of the entire population.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A poll is a survey or opinion poll, which may not ensure equal probability of selection.
Option B: Historical samples are based on past data and do not ensure current equal probability of selection.
Option C: Political samples may be biased and do not ensure equal probability of selection.
Option D: Random samples ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being included.

Mnemonic: R for Random, R for Representative.

156. Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Earn a pay raise for doing excellent work.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, Physician's Assistant Certification Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Meritocracy is a system where rewards and advancements are based on individual merit and performance.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse meritocracy with egalitarianism, where everyone receives the same rewards regardless of performance.

Explanations: In a meritocratic system, performance and excellence are rewarded. Therefore, a physician's assistant who performs exceptionally well would be recognized and rewarded with a pay raise, aligning with the principles of meritocracy.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option suggests equal pay for all physician's assistants, which contradicts the meritocratic principle of rewarding individual performance.
Option B: While earning a higher degree can lead to better positions, this option does not directly address the immediate reward for excellent work within the current role.
Option C: Marital choices are not directly related to meritocracy and performance-based rewards.
Option D: This option correctly reflects the meritocratic principle of rewarding excellent work with a pay raise.

157. Consider the following Statements: Functionalism sees active social change as undesirable even if it benefits members of that society Norms can be different in different societies: People who share the same language and live in the same area can have a different culture: Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Only 1, 2, 3.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Norms can vary across different societies, and people sharing the same language and living in the same area can still have different cultures.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that functionalism always supports social change, or they may overlook the variability of norms and cultures within the same geographic area.

Explanations: Functionalism sees active social change as undesirable because it can disrupt the equilibrium of society. Norms can indeed differ in different societies, reflecting the unique values and practices of each. Additionally, people who share the same language and live in the same area can have different cultures due to subcultural differences, ethnic diversity, or other factors. Therefore, all three statements are true.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because it omits the third statement.
Option B: Incorrect because it omits the second statement.
Option C: Correct because it includes all three true statements.
Option D: Incorrect because it omits the first statement.

Mnemonic: FNC: Functionalism, Norms, Culture

158. Which of the following perspectives focuses on the interaction of individuals with each other?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Interactionist perspective.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Psychology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The interactionist perspective in sociology focuses on the ways individuals interact with each other and how these interactions shape their behavior and social roles.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the interactionist perspective with the functionalist perspective, which focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain stability.

Explanations: The interactionist perspective emphasizes the importance of individual interactions and the meanings individuals attach to these interactions. It is concerned with how individuals interpret and respond to the actions of others, which directly relates to the interaction of individuals with each other.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The functionalist perspective focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain stability and order, not on individual interactions.
Option B: The conflict perspective focuses on the struggle for power and resources between different groups in society, not on individual interactions.
Option C: The interactionist perspective focuses on the ways individuals interact with each other and how these interactions shape their behavior and social roles.
Option D: The feminist perspective focuses on gender inequality and the ways in which gender roles and power dynamics shape social interactions, but it is not specifically about individual interactions.

159. Why is continuous contact among its membersimportant for the formation of a primary group?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Close contact helps people in a primary group learn to work well together.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Primary groups are characterized by close, personal relationships and continuous interaction among members. This close contact is essential for the development of trust, cooperation, and effective teamwork.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that primary groups form quickly without the need for continuous contact, or that the size of the group is the most important factor.

Explanations: Continuous contact among members of a primary group is crucial because it allows individuals to develop a deep understanding of each other's behaviors, preferences, and strengths. This familiarity fosters trust and cooperation, which are essential for effective teamwork. Over time, members learn to anticipate each other's needs and work together seamlessly, enhancing the group's overall functionality.

Option Analysis:

Option A: While close relationships do take time to develop, this option does not directly address the importance of continuous contact for teamwork.
Option B: The size of the group is not the primary factor in the formation of a primary group; continuous contact is more critical.
Option C: Recognizing weaker members is not a primary function of continuous contact in a primary group.
Option D: This option correctly identifies that continuous contact is essential for learning to work well together, which is a key characteristic of primary groups.

160. What category would anonymity fall into?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Ethical issue.

Exam Relevance: Ethics Exams, Philosophy Exams, Information Security Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Anonymity is often considered an ethical issue because it involves the protection of personal information and privacy, which are ethical concerns.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse anonymity with practical issues, such as the logistics of implementing anonymous systems, or theoretical issues, such as the philosophical implications of anonymity.

Explanations: Anonymity is primarily an ethical issue because it pertains to the moral and ethical considerations of protecting individual privacy and personal information. Ethical issues are concerned with the rightness or wrongness of actions and the values that underpin them. Anonymity directly relates to ethical principles such as confidentiality, autonomy, and the right to privacy.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Anonymity is not a practical issue, as it does not pertain to the implementation or operational aspects of a system or process.
Option B: Anonymity is an ethical issue because it involves the protection of personal information and privacy, which are ethical concerns.
Option C: Anonymity is not a theoretical issue, as it does not involve abstract or conceptual considerations unrelated to practical or ethical concerns.
Option D: Anonymity is not none of the above, as it clearly falls under the category of ethical issues.

Mnemonic: A: Anonymity = A for Ethics

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 16”

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 16”

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