sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

341. Persons set apart for differential treatment include.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) BOTH the disabled and those with same-sex preferences.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question addresses the concept of differential treatment in society, which includes groups that are often afforded special consideration or protection due to their unique circumstances or societal challenges.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that differential treatment only applies to one group, such as the physically or mentally disabled, and overlook the inclusion of other groups like those with same-sex preferences.

Explanations: Differential treatment often includes individuals with physical and mental disabilities, as well as those with same-sex preferences. Both groups are recognized for facing unique challenges and may require specific accommodations or protections. Therefore, the correct answer includes both categories.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is partially correct as it includes those affected by physical and mental disabilities, but it does not account for those with same-sex preferences.
Option B: This option is incorrect as the rich and famous are not typically considered a group that requires differential treatment based on societal challenges.
Option C: This option is partially correct as it includes those with same-sex preferences, but it does not account for individuals with physical and mental disabilities.
Option D: This option is correct as it includes both groups that are often set apart for differential treatment: those with physical and mental disabilities and those with same-sex preferences.

Mnemonic: Diverse Differences: Disabled, Diverse Desires

342. Change in occupation withing the same social class

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Horizontal mobility.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Horizontal mobility refers to a change in occupation or job within the same social class.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse horizontal mobility with vertical mobility, which involves a change in social class.

Explanations: Horizontal mobility involves a change in occupation or job within the same social class. This means that while the individual may change their job or role, they remain within the same social stratum. The concept applies here because the question specifies a change in occupation within the same social class, which aligns with the definition of horizontal mobility.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Horizontal mobility involves a change in occupation within the same social class.
Option B: Incorrect. Social mobility is a broader term that includes both horizontal and vertical mobility.
Option C: Incorrect. Vertical mobility involves a change in social class, not just occupation.
Option D: Incorrect. Intergenerational mobility refers to changes in social class across generations, not within an individual's career.

Mnemonic: H for Horizontal, H for Holding the same social class.

343. Which economic orientations govern Western industrial societies?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) BOTH market and command.

Exam Relevance: Economics, Political Science, Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Western industrial societies are characterized by a mixed economic system that incorporates elements of both free market and command economies.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that Western societies strictly adhere to a free market system, overlooking the significant role of government intervention and regulation.

Explanations: Western industrial societies operate under a mixed economic system, which combines elements of both free market and command economies. In a free market economy, the market forces of supply and demand determine the production and distribution of goods and services. However, Western societies also have significant government intervention, such as regulation, public services, and social welfare programs, which are characteristic of a command economy. Therefore, the correct answer is that both market and command orientations govern these societies.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Tradition is not a primary economic orientation in Western industrial societies.
Option B: Command economy alone does not fully describe the economic system of Western industrial societies.
Option C: Free market alone does not fully describe the economic system of Western industrial societies.
Option D: Both market and command orientations accurately describe the mixed economic system of Western industrial societies.

344. What do the two bullies steal from Max while on his way home?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) His shoes.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP English Literature

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The question tests the ability to recall specific details from a narrative.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the stolen item with other items mentioned in the narrative.

Explanations: The narrative clearly states that the two bullies steal Max's shoes while he is on his way home. This detail is crucial for understanding the sequence of events and the impact on Max's situation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The hat is not mentioned as being stolen.
Option B: The shoes are explicitly stated to be stolen by the bullies.
Option C: The jacket is not mentioned as being stolen.
Option D: The bike is not mentioned as being stolen.

Mnemonic: Shoes Stolen, Max's Troubles Begin

345. After the following description of a concept, find the concept and a correct example from the options below."Behaviour expected of you in specific situations from the society you live in"

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Only (A) & (B).

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, Sociology Exams, Social Studies Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Norms are the unwritten rules or expectations that guide behavior in specific situations within a society. They define what is considered appropriate or acceptable behavior.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse norms with laws or personal preferences, which are not the same as societal expectations.

Explanations: The concept of norms refers to the expected behaviors in specific situations within a society. Option A correctly identifies "Norms" as the concept. Option B provides a specific example of a norm, which is the expectation to wait in queues. Therefore, both (A) and (B) are correct.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Norms are the correct concept as they refer to societal expectations of behavior.
Option B: Waiting in queues is a specific example of a norm.
Option C: Chicken Tikka Masala is unrelated to the concept of norms.
Option D: This option correctly identifies both (A) and (B) as correct.

346. Which occupational categories received the greatest increase in compensation in the 1990s?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Senior and chief executive.

Exam Relevance: MBA entrance exams, HR management exams, corporate finance exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The compensation for senior and chief executive positions saw the greatest increase in the 1990s due to their significant influence on corporate performance and strategic decision-making.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that corporate attorneys or accountants received the greatest increase in compensation, as these professions are also highly valued in the corporate world.

Explanations: Senior and chief executive positions experienced the greatest increase in compensation during the 1990s because these roles are critical for setting corporate strategy, managing overall operations, and driving business growth. Their high-level decision-making and leadership responsibilities often justify substantial compensation increases.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Domestic workers typically do not see significant increases in compensation compared to high-level corporate roles.
Option B: While accountants and financial consultants are important, their compensation increases were not as substantial as those for senior executives.
Option C: Senior and chief executive positions saw the greatest increase in compensation due to their pivotal role in corporate leadership and strategy.
Option D: Corporate attorneys, although highly paid, did not experience the same level of compensation increase as senior executives.

347. Which of the following terms refers to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Prejudice.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Prejudice refers to a negative attitude or preconceived opinion toward an entire category of people.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse prejudice with discrimination, which involves actions based on those negative attitudes.

Explanations: Prejudice is a negative attitude or preconceived opinion toward an entire category of people. It involves a prejudgment based on stereotypes or biases, often leading to unfair treatment. The other options do not fit this definition: exploitation involves taking unfair advantage, discrimination involves actions based on negative attitudes, and pluralism refers to a society with diverse groups coexisting.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Explotation refers to taking unfair advantage, not a negative attitude toward a group.
Option B: Prejudice is the correct term for a negative attitude toward an entire category of people.
Option C: Discrimination involves actions based on negative attitudes, not the attitudes themselves.
Option D: Pluralism refers to a society with diverse groups coexisting, not a negative attitude.

Mnemonic: P for Prejudice, P for Preconceived.

348. Which perspective would argue that media allows us to form primary and reference groups in which we judge our successes and failures?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Symbolic interactionism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Communication studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Symbolic interactionism focuses on how individuals interpret and give meaning to symbols, including media messages, to form social groups and identities.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse symbolic interactionism with functionalism, which focuses more on the role of media in maintaining social order.

Explanations: Symbolic interactionism emphasizes the role of media in shaping our social interactions and identities. Media allows individuals to form primary and reference groups by providing symbols and meanings that we use to judge our successes and failures. This perspective aligns with the idea that media influences our social perceptions and interactions, which is a core tenet of symbolic interactionism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalism focuses on the role of media in maintaining social stability and order, not on individual interactions and group formation.
Option B: Conflict theory emphasizes power struggles and inequalities, not the formation of primary and reference groups through media.
Option C: Symbolic interactionism is correct as it focuses on how media shapes our social interactions and identities through symbols and meanings.
Option D: None of these is incorrect as symbolic interactionism is the correct perspective.

349. What perspective believes that each part of society has a function?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Functionalism.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Functionalism is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functionalism with other sociological perspectives such as Marxism or Interactionism, which have different views on the role of societal parts.

Explanations: Functionalism posits that each part of society has a function and contributes to the stability and equilibrium of the whole. This perspective emphasizes the interdependence of social institutions and the way they maintain social order. Therefore, the correct answer is functionalism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Feminism focuses on gender inequality and the role of gender in society, not the function of societal parts.
Option B: Marxism views society through the lens of class conflict and economic structures, not the functional roles of societal parts.
Option C: Functionalism believes that each part of society has a function and contributes to the stability of the whole.
Option D: Interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, not the functional roles of societal parts.

350. Scientists agree that homosexuality is.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) None of the above.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The scientific consensus is that homosexuality is not a disease, not solely biologically caused, and not solely culturally learned.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that homosexuality is a disease or that it is entirely biologically or culturally determined.

Explanations: The scientific community does not consider homosexuality a disease. Research indicates that sexual orientation is likely influenced by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, rather than being solely biologically or culturally determined. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above."

Option Analysis:

Option A: Homosexuality is not classified as a disease by major health organizations.
Option B: While biological factors may play a role, they do not fully explain homosexuality.
Option C: Cultural factors may influence expression but do not solely determine sexual orientation.
Option D: This option correctly reflects the current scientific understanding that homosexuality is not a disease, not solely biologically caused, and not solely culturally learned.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 35”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 35”

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