sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

351. A woman may be a student,but also caring for her disabled cousin. This may cause a clash on which role to perform when she is needed at the same time. What term is used to reflect this?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Role conflict.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Role conflict occurs when an individual experiences incompatible demands or expectations from different roles they are performing.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse role conflict with multiple roles, thinking that simply having multiple roles is the issue, rather than the conflicting demands.

Explanations: Role conflict is the correct term because it specifically addresses the situation where a woman, who is a student and also caring for her disabled cousin, faces conflicting demands that make it difficult to fulfill both roles simultaneously. This is not merely about having multiple roles, but about the clash of expectations and responsibilities.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Multiple roles refers to having more than one role, but does not address the conflict or clash between these roles.
Option B: Role conflict accurately describes the situation where the woman faces conflicting demands from her roles as a student and caregiver.
Option C: Social roles are the expected behaviors associated with a person's status in a social group, but do not capture the conflict between roles.
Option D: Role play is a method of learning through acting out roles, which is not relevant to the situation described.

352. According to the labeling theory which of the following concepts explains why a labeled individual becomes deviant?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Selffulflling prophecy.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The self-fulfilling prophecy is a key concept in labeling theory, where a person's behavior conforms to the label or expectation placed upon them.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse self-fulfilling prophecy with other sociological concepts like ethnocentrism or resocialization, which do not directly explain the process of becoming deviant due to labeling.

Explanations: Labeling theory posits that individuals become deviant as a result of being labeled as such by society. The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when a person internalizes the label and behaves in accordance with it. This concept explains why a labeled individual may adopt deviant behavior, as they act in ways that confirm the label placed upon them.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Resocialization involves changing an individual's behavior through new socialization processes, which is not directly related to the concept of becoming deviant due to labeling.
Option B: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture, which does not explain why a labeled individual becomes deviant.
Option C: Self-fulfilling prophecy is the correct concept as it explains how a labeled individual may internalize the label and act in ways that confirm the deviant status.
Option D: Rebellion is a form of deviant behavior but does not explain the process of becoming deviant due to labeling.

Mnemonic: Label, Believe, Act (LBA)

353. The more time you spend studying, the higher your test score will be. This is an example of .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Positive correlation.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, IB Mathematics, SAT Math

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A positive correlation exists when an increase in one variable leads to an increase in another variable.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse positive correlation with negative correlation, where an increase in one variable leads to a decrease in another.

Explanations: The statement "The more time you spend studying, the higher your test score will be" indicates a positive relationship between the amount of time spent studying and the test score. As the time spent studying increases, the test score also increases, which is the definition of a positive correlation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Positive correlation is the correct term for the relationship described.
Option B: Incorrect. Negative correlation would imply that as one variable increases, the other decreases, which is not the case here.
Option C: Incorrect. Latent function refers to unintended consequences of social institutions, not a relationship between variables.
Option D: Incorrect. Qualitative research involves non-numerical data and does not describe the relationship between variables.

Mnemonic: More time, more score, positive link.

354. This social class has high income business people and professionals usually with advanced degrees.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Upper Middle Class.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Economics exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Upper Middle Class typically includes high-income business people and professionals with advanced degrees.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Upper Middle Class with the Lower Middle Class, which generally includes individuals with less income and fewer advanced degrees.

Explanations: The Upper Middle Class is characterized by high income and advanced degrees, which aligns with the description of high-income business people and professionals with advanced degrees. This social class often includes individuals in high-level management positions, doctors, lawyers, and other professionals who have achieved significant educational and financial success.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. This class includes high-income business people and professionals with advanced degrees.
Option B: Incorrect. The Lower Middle Class typically includes individuals with less income and fewer advanced degrees.
Option C: Incorrect. The Underclass generally refers to individuals with low income and limited access to education and job opportunities.
Option D: Incorrect. The Working Poor are individuals who work but still live below the poverty line, often without advanced degrees.

355. Functionalist perspectives analysis of society

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Macro (large scale).

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Functionalism is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It focuses on the large-scale structures and functions of society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functionalism with micro-level perspectives, which focus on individual interactions and small-scale social processes.

Explanations: Functionalism is a macro-level perspective because it examines society as a whole, analyzing how different parts of society work together to maintain stability and order. It does not focus on individual interactions or small-scale social processes, which would be considered micro-level analysis.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Micro (small scale) is incorrect because functionalism does not focus on individual interactions or small-scale social processes.
Option B: Macro (large scale) is correct because functionalism examines society as a whole and its large-scale structures and functions.
Option C: Either (A) or (B) is incorrect because functionalism is specifically a macro-level perspective.
Option D: Neither (A) nor (B) is incorrect because functionalism is a macro-level perspective.

Mnemonic: Macro = Big Picture

356. Spontaneous expressions of approval or disapproval

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Informal sanction.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Informal sanctions are spontaneous expressions of approval or disapproval that occur in social interactions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse informal sanctions with formal sanctions, which are more structured and official.

Explanations: Informal sanctions are spontaneous and occur naturally in social interactions. They are not pre-planned or officially sanctioned. Therefore, they are the correct choice for spontaneous expressions of approval or disapproval.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Formal sanctions are structured and official, not spontaneous.
Option B: Informal sanctions are spontaneous and occur naturally in social interactions.
Option C: The correct answer cannot be either formal or informal, as the question specifies spontaneity.
Option D: The correct answer is not neither, as informal sanctions fit the description.

357. Which statement provides the best operational definition of "childhood obesity"?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: An operational definition is a clear, measurable, and specific description of a concept. It allows for consistent and objective measurement.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse operational definitions with descriptive or theoretical definitions, which are less precise and more subjective.

Explanations: The correct answer provides a specific, measurable criterion for defining childhood obesity. It states that a child is considered obese if their body weight is at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height. This definition is operational because it offers a clear, quantifiable standard for identifying obesity.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option describes behaviors associated with obesity but does not provide a specific, measurable definition.
Option B: This option describes the consequences of obesity but does not define the condition itself.
Option C: This option provides a specific, measurable criterion for defining obesity, making it an operational definition.
Option D: This option compares current children's weights to those of earlier generations but does not provide a specific, measurable definition.

358. ..... is the practice of exchanging goods

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Barter.

Exam Relevance: AP Economics, IB Economics, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Barter is the practice of exchanging goods or services directly for other goods or services without using money.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse barter with globalization, which involves the integration of economies and cultures across the world.

Explanations: Barter is the direct exchange of goods or services without the use of money. This practice has been used throughout history and is still used in some communities today. The other options do not fit the definition of exchanging goods directly.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies and cultures, not the exchange of goods without money.
Option B: Barter is the correct term for the direct exchange of goods or services without using money.
Option C: Competitions are events where individuals or teams compete against each other, not a method of exchanging goods.
Option D: Money is a medium of exchange used in transactions, not the practice of exchanging goods directly.

359. Which of the following does not describe a primary purpose of sociology?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) To compile a chronology of events for future generations.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE Subject Test in Sociology, Sociology undergraduate exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sociology primarily focuses on understanding human behavior and social practices, and informing societal changes based on these understandings. Compiling a chronology of events is more aligned with the field of history.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the purpose of sociology with that of history, as both disciplines involve studying human behavior and societal changes over time.

Explanations: Sociology aims to examine the causes of both good and bad social practices, understand human behavior, and inform societal changes based on behavioral patterns. Compiling a chronology of events for future generations is not a primary purpose of sociology, as this task is more aligned with the field of history.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This describes a primary purpose of sociology, as it involves examining social practices and their causes.
Option B: This does not describe a primary purpose of sociology, as it is more aligned with the field of history.
Option C: This describes a primary purpose of sociology, as understanding human behavior is a core focus.
Option D: This describes a primary purpose of sociology, as informing societal changes based on behavioral patterns is a key goal.

360. For Marx, Capitalism alienates the workers from.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Their product.

Exam Relevance: Political Science, Sociology, Economics

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Marx's theory of alienation in capitalism focuses on the separation of workers from the products of their labor.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse alienation with broader societal issues or management practices.

Explanations: Marx argued that under capitalism, workers are alienated from their products because they do not own or control the means of production. This leads to a situation where workers produce goods and services but do not have a direct relationship with the final product, as it is owned by the capitalists. This alienation is a core aspect of Marx's critique of capitalism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Marx believed that workers are alienated from their products because they do not own or control the means of production.
Option B: Incorrect. While Marx did discuss broader societal issues, the specific concept of alienation in this context refers to the product of labor.
Option C: Incorrect. Alienation from management is not a primary focus of Marx's theory of alienation in capitalism.
Option D: Incorrect. This option is not applicable as the correct answer is provided.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 36”

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 36”

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