sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

361. Which sociological perspective points out that while pure monopolies are not a basic element of the economy of the United States competition is much more restricted than one might expect in what is called a free enterprise system?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Conflict perspective.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Intro to Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The conflict perspective in sociology emphasizes the role of competition and conflict in society, particularly in economic contexts.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the conflict perspective with the functionalist perspective, which focuses more on the stability and equilibrium of society.

Explanations: The conflict perspective highlights the idea that competition and conflict are inherent in economic systems, even in a so-called free enterprise system. It points out that while pure monopolies may not be the norm, competition is often restricted in various ways, leading to power imbalances and conflicts between different groups. This aligns with the conflict perspective's focus on power dynamics and inequality.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The functionalist perspective emphasizes the stability and equilibrium of society, which does not align with the idea of restricted competition and conflict.
Option B: The conflict perspective correctly identifies the presence of competition and conflict in economic systems, even in a free enterprise system.
Option C: The interactionist perspective focuses on the micro-level interactions and meanings, which is not relevant to the broader economic analysis of competition and conflict.
Option D: Labeling theory is concerned with how individuals are labeled and the consequences of those labels, which is not related to economic competition and conflict.

362. A kinship system is based on.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Common descent.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Kinship systems are social structures that define relationships between individuals based on common ancestry.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse kinship systems with marriage alliances or adoption practices, which are different social structures.

Explanations: Kinship systems are based on common descent because they trace relationships through shared ancestors. This system helps define family ties, inheritance, and social obligations within a community. Marriage and adoption, while important social practices, do not form the foundational basis of kinship systems.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Marriage is a social institution that forms relationships but does not define kinship systems.
Option B: Common descent is the correct basis for kinship systems as it traces relationships through shared ancestors.
Option C: Adoption is a practice that can affect family relationships but is not the basis of kinship systems.
Option D: This option is incorrect as common descent is the correct basis for kinship systems.

363. In Pakistan what kind of marriage system exist in society?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Both A and B.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In Pakistan, both endogamy and exogamy exist within the society, reflecting the diverse cultural and social practices.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that only one type of marriage system exists in Pakistan, overlooking the coexistence of both endogamy and exogamy.

Explanations: Endogamy refers to the practice of marrying within a specific cultural group, while exogamy involves marrying outside of that group. In Pakistani society, endogamy is prevalent due to the emphasis on maintaining cultural and religious purity within families and communities. However, exogamy also exists, particularly in urban areas and among more liberal families who may choose to marry outside their immediate social or religious groups. Therefore, both systems coexist in Pakistani society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Endogamy is a common practice in Pakistan, but it is not the only system.
Option B: Exogamy also exists in Pakistan, particularly in more liberal or urban settings.
Option C: Both endogamy and exogamy are present in Pakistani society, making this the correct answer.
Option D: Patrilineal systems are related to inheritance and lineage, not directly to the marriage system.

Mnemonic: E&E: Endogamy and Exogamy exist.

364. Believe that aptitudes are part of heredity.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Sociobiology.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sociobiology is the study of how biological factors influence social behavior, including the belief that certain traits and aptitudes are inherited.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse sociobiology with other fields like psychology or genetics, which also deal with inherited traits but do not focus specifically on social behavior.

Explanations: Sociobiology is the study of the biological basis of social behavior, including the belief that certain aptitudes and traits are inherited. This aligns with the statement that aptitudes are part of heredity. Experience, on the other hand, is more related to environmental and learned factors rather than inherited traits.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Experience is related to environmental factors and learning, not heredity.
Option B: Sociobiology studies the biological basis of social behavior, including inherited traits.
Option C: This option is incorrect as only sociobiology aligns with the statement.
Option D: This option is incorrect as sociobiology is the correct field that aligns with the statement.

Mnemonic: Sociobiology: Social + Biology = Study of inherited social traits.

365. Consider the following Statements: Culture is a set concept, therefore, there is a set number of cultures in our world today: Cultural variations exist among and within societies. Sociologists conduct research to gain knowledge Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Only 2, 3.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE Sociology, Sociology Olympiad

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Culture is not a set concept with a fixed number of cultures; it is dynamic and can vary widely. Cultural variations do exist among and within societies, and sociologists conduct research to gain knowledge about these variations.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that culture is a fixed concept with a set number of cultures, leading them to incorrectly choose options that include the first statement.

Explanations: The first statement is incorrect because culture is not a set concept with a fixed number of cultures. Culture is dynamic and can vary widely, even within the same society. The second statement is correct because cultural variations do exist among and within societies. The third statement is also correct because sociologists conduct research to gain knowledge about these cultural variations. Therefore, the correct answer is only 2 and 3.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because it includes the first statement, which is false.
Option B: Incorrect because it includes the first statement, which is false.
Option C: Incorrect because it includes the first statement, which is false.
Option D: Correct because it includes only the second and third statements, which are true.

366. All forms of communication designed to meet broad audiences.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Mass Media.

Exam Relevance: Media Studies, Communication Studies, Marketing Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Mass media refers to all forms of communication designed to reach large and diverse audiences.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse mass media with social media, which is a subset of mass media but not the complete concept.

Explanations: Mass media encompasses various channels such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet, all of which are designed to reach broad audiences. This makes it the correct answer as it aligns with the definition provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Mass media includes all forms of communication designed to reach broad audiences.
Option B: Incorrect. Cooperation refers to working together, not a form of communication.
Option C: Incorrect. Reference Group refers to a group to which an individual compares themselves, not a form of communication.
Option D: Incorrect. Facebook is a specific social media platform, not a broad term for all forms of communication.

367. Non-sacred aspects of life

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Profane.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Religious Studies exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The term "profane" refers to aspects of life that are not sacred or religious. It is often used in contrast to "sacred" to describe the secular or mundane aspects of human experience.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse "profane" with "secularization," which refers to the process by which religious influence diminishes in various aspects of society, rather than the non-sacred aspects themselves.

Explanations: The term "profane" is used to describe non-sacred aspects of life. It is the opposite of "sacred," which refers to things that are considered holy or religious. Therefore, "profane" is the correct term for non-sacred aspects of life.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Profane is the correct term for non-sacred aspects of life.
Option B: Denomination refers to a specific branch or group within a religion, not non-sacred aspects of life.
Option C: Sect refers to a smaller, often more radical group within a larger religion, not non-sacred aspects of life.
Option D: Secularization refers to the process of becoming less religious, not the non-sacred aspects themselves.

368. This theory states that people shape how society works through everyday interactions.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Symbolic Interactionism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Symbolic Interactionism is a sociological theory that emphasizes the role of symbols and language in the creation of social reality. It focuses on how individuals interact and interpret symbols to shape their understanding of society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Symbolic Interactionism with Conflict Theory, which focuses on power struggles and inequalities, or Structural Functionalism, which emphasizes the stability and interdependence of social institutions.

Explanations: Symbolic Interactionism is the correct answer because it posits that people shape society through their everyday interactions and the meanings they attach to symbols. This theory highlights the importance of communication and interpretation in social processes, aligning with the statement that people shape how society works through everyday interactions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Conflict Theory focuses on power struggles and inequalities, not on everyday interactions.
Option B: Symbolic Interactionism correctly emphasizes the role of everyday interactions and symbols in shaping society.
Option C: Structural Functionalism focuses on the stability and interdependence of social institutions, not on individual interactions.
Option D: Role Theory focuses on the roles individuals play in society, but does not specifically address how everyday interactions shape society.

369. Who put forward the term 'Disneyization'?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Alan Bryman.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Alan Bryman is the sociologist who introduced the term 'Disneyization' to describe the increasing influence of Disney-like characteristics in various sectors of society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Alan Bryman with other sociologists or cultural theorists who have written about similar concepts.

Explanations: Alan Bryman introduced the term 'Disneyization' in his work to describe the process by which the characteristics of Disney theme parks, such as the emphasis on fantasy, cleanliness, and customer service, are increasingly being adopted in other sectors of society. This concept is significant in understanding the cultural and economic changes in contemporary society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Alan Patridge is not associated with the term 'Disneyization'. He is a fictional character in British comedy.
Option B: Alan Bryman is the correct answer as he introduced the term 'Disneyization' in his sociological work.
Option C: Richard Bryman is not a recognized sociologist associated with the term 'Disneyization'.
Option D: Zygmunt Bauman is a sociologist known for his work on modernity and postmodernity, but not for the term 'Disneyization'.

370. The early sociologist who promoted active involvement in solutions to social issues, differing from other sociologists, was .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Harriet Martineau.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Work exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Harriet Martineau is known for her active involvement in addressing social issues, which sets her apart from other early sociologists.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Harriet Martineau with other early sociologists who focused more on theoretical frameworks rather than practical solutions.

Explanations: Harriet Martineau was an early sociologist who actively engaged in social reform and advocated for practical solutions to social issues. Unlike other sociologists of her time, such as Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim, who primarily focused on theoretical frameworks, Martineau emphasized the importance of direct involvement in addressing social problems. This active approach to social issues distinguishes her from her contemporaries.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Auguste Comte focused on positivism and the scientific method in sociology, not active involvement in social issues.
Option B: Harriet Martineau is known for her active engagement in social reform and practical solutions to social issues.
Option C: Karl Marx focused on class struggle and the critique of capitalism, not active involvement in social reform.
Option D: Emile Durkheim focused on social facts and the structure of society, not active involvement in social issues.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 37”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 37”

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