sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

381. Which group of learners does the university of the third age serve?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Pensioners.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Gerontology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The University of the Third Age (U3A) is a non-profit organization that provides educational opportunities for retired individuals, typically those who are pensioners.

Common Mistakes: Students might confuse the target audience of U3A with other age groups, such as teenagers or workers, who are not the primary focus of the organization.

Explanations: The University of the Third Age (U3A) is specifically designed for retired individuals, often referred to as pensioners. These individuals are typically older adults who have left the workforce and are seeking educational and social opportunities. The U3A provides a platform for these individuals to engage in learning and social activities without the pressure of formal education or examinations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Teenagers are not the target audience for U3A as they are typically still in formal education and not retired.
Option B: Travelers are not the primary focus of U3A, as the organization is designed for retired individuals.
Option C: Workers are not the target audience for U3A, as the organization is designed for retired individuals who are no longer in the workforce.
Option D: Pensioners are the correct target audience for U3A, as the organization is designed for retired individuals who are seeking educational and social opportunities.

Mnemonic: Pensioners Pursue Personal Growth

382. Believed that scholars should try to improve society, not just study it. Spoke out in favor of women's rights, religious tolerance, and the end of slavery.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Harriet Martineau.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Harriet Martineau was a 19th-century British social theorist and writer who advocated for social reforms, including women's rights, religious tolerance, and the abolition of slavery.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Harriet Martineau with other social reformers of the same era, such as Jane Addams or Emile Durkheim, who also advocated for social change but had different focuses.

Explanations: Harriet Martineau was a prominent social theorist who believed that scholars should not only study society but also work to improve it. She was a strong advocate for women's rights, religious tolerance, and the abolition of slavery. Her work and writings reflect her commitment to these causes, making her the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Emile Durkheim was a sociologist who focused on the structure of society and the role of social facts, but he did not specifically advocate for women's rights or religious tolerance in the same way as Martineau.
Option B: Jane Addams was a social reformer and founder of Hull House, but she was more focused on social work and community improvement rather than the broad range of social issues that Martineau addressed.
Option C: Auguste Comte was the founder of positivism and focused on the scientific study of society, but he did not advocate for the specific social reforms mentioned in the question.
Option D: Harriet Martineau is the correct answer as she was a social theorist who advocated for women's rights, religious tolerance, and the abolition of slavery, aligning with the description in the question.

383. Consider the following Statements: the size of a group affects its integration. A system of rewards and punishments is one way a total institution resocializes people. Dramaturgy is defined as human interaction is like a theatrical performance. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Only 1, 2, 3.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The statements address different aspects of sociological theories and concepts. Statement 1 refers to the relationship between group size and integration. Statement 2 discusses the role of rewards and punishments in resocialization within total institutions. Statement 3 defines dramaturgy as a concept where human interaction is likened to a theatrical performance.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the concept of dramaturgy with other sociological theories or misinterpret the role of rewards and punishments in resocialization.

Explanations: Statement 1 is true because larger groups can face challenges in maintaining cohesion and integration due to increased complexity in communication and coordination. Statement 2 is true as total institutions often use a system of rewards and punishments to control behavior and resocialize individuals. Statement 3 is true as dramaturgy, a concept introduced by Erving Goffman, views social interactions as performances where individuals play roles and manage impressions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because it omits statement 3.
Option B: Incorrect because it omits statement 2.
Option C: Correct because it includes all three true statements.
Option D: Incorrect because it omits statement 1.

384. Disengagement refers to.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Aged persons abandoning their regular roles so that younger people may assume them.

Exam Relevance: Gerontology exams, Sociology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Disengagement theory suggests that as individuals age, they withdraw from social roles and responsibilities, allowing younger individuals to take over these roles.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse disengagement with maintaining social roles, which is a different concept.

Explanations: Disengagement theory posits that older adults naturally and inevitably withdraw from social roles and responsibilities. This process allows younger individuals to assume these roles, ensuring a smooth transition of responsibilities and roles within society. The theory emphasizes the natural progression of aging and the societal need for younger generations to take on new roles.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option describes maintaining regular social roles, which contradicts the concept of disengagement.
Option B: This option correctly describes the process of disengagement, where older individuals abandon their roles to make way for younger individuals.
Option C: This option refers to a period before retirement, which is not directly related to the concept of disengagement.
Option D: This option describes a pleasant interlude, which does not align with the concept of disengagement.

385. What is the primary difference between the SOCIAL and NATURAL sciences?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Social sciences examine the human relationship while natural sciences to try understand the world of nature.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, LSAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The primary difference between social and natural sciences lies in their focus. Social sciences focus on human behavior, societies, and relationships, while natural sciences focus on the physical and natural world.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the focus of social and natural sciences, believing that social sciences study the natural world and natural sciences study human relationships.

Explanations: Social sciences, such as sociology, psychology, and anthropology, aim to understand human behavior, social structures, and relationships. They study how individuals and groups interact and function within societies. On the other hand, natural sciences, such as physics, chemistry, and biology, focus on understanding the natural world, including physical phenomena, chemical reactions, and biological processes. The distinction is clear: social sciences are concerned with human relationships and societal structures, while natural sciences are concerned with the natural world and its phenomena.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option correctly identifies the focus of social sciences on human relationships and natural sciences on the natural world.
Option B: This option incorrectly reverses the focus of social and natural sciences.
Option C: This option is incorrect because only one of the statements can be true.
Option D: This option is incorrect because one of the statements is true.

Mnemonic: S for Social, S for Society; N for Natural, N for Nature.

386. The "me" and the "I" refer to what concept?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Generalized Other.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The "me" and the "I" refer to the concept of the "Generalized Other" in symbolic interactionism, which is a key concept in sociology.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the "Generalized Other" with the "Significant Other," which refers to a specific individual who has a significant impact on a person's self-concept.

Explanations: The "Generalized Other" is a concept developed by sociologist George Herbert Mead. It refers to the internalized understanding of the expectations and norms of the broader society or group. The "me" and the "I" are parts of the self that develop through social interaction and the internalization of these societal expectations. The "me" represents the socially defined self, while the "I" represents the spontaneous, creative aspect of the self. Together, they reflect the individual's understanding of the "Generalized Other."

Option Analysis:

Option A: The "Significant Other" refers to a specific individual who has a significant impact on a person's self-concept, not the broader societal expectations.
Option B: The "Generalized Other" is the correct concept as it refers to the internalized understanding of societal expectations and norms.
Option C: The "Looking-glass self" refers to the self-image that is based on how one thinks others perceive them, not the broader societal expectations.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the correct concept is the "Generalized Other."

387. The institution most closely associated with the process of socialization is the: (EQ #19)

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Family.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Psychology, High School Social Studies

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The family is the primary institution responsible for socialization, which is the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their society.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly choose peer group or school because these institutions also play significant roles in socialization, but they are secondary to the family.

Explanations: The family is the first and most influential agent of socialization. From birth, children learn language, social norms, and cultural values primarily from their parents and immediate family members. This foundational socialization sets the stage for further learning in other institutions like schools and peer groups.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Peer groups are important for socialization, but they are secondary to the family in early life.
Option B: The family is the primary institution responsible for socialization, teaching children the basic norms and values of society.
Option C: Schools play a significant role in socialization, but they are secondary to the family in early life.
Option D: States are not directly involved in the day-to-day socialization of individuals.

Mnemonic: FAMILY - First Agent Making Individuals Yearn for Learning

388. Which of the following is NOT a method of Anthropology and Sociology?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Laboratory research.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Anthropology and Sociology primarily use qualitative methods to study human societies and cultures.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe laboratory research is a common method in Anthropology and Sociology because it is widely used in other sciences.

Explanations: Anthropology and Sociology focus on understanding human behavior and social structures through methods such as participant observation, ethnography, and surveys. Laboratory research, which involves controlled experiments, is not a typical method in these fields. Instead, these disciplines rely on fieldwork and qualitative data collection to gain insights into human societies and cultures.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Participant observation is a key method in Anthropology and Sociology, involving direct engagement with the subjects in their natural environment.
Option B: Ethnography is a method used to describe and analyze the characteristics of different cultures, often through participant observation.
Option C: Surveys are a common quantitative method used in Sociology to gather data from a large number of respondents.
Option D: Laboratory research is not a typical method in Anthropology and Sociology, as it involves controlled experiments which are more common in the natural sciences.

389. Domestic violence is physical abuse by one family member against another which two of the following are most likely to be victims of such abuse?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Female partners/spouses and children.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Domestic violence often involves physical abuse by one family member against another. The most common victims are female partners/spouses and children.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that male partners/spouses are more likely to be victims of domestic violence, which is not supported by statistical evidence.

Explanations: Domestic violence is a serious issue where female partners/spouses and children are the most frequent victims. This is due to power dynamics and societal norms that often place women and children in vulnerable positions within the family structure. Studies and data consistently show that women are disproportionately affected by domestic violence, and children are often caught in the crossfire, making them secondary victims.

Option Analysis:

Option A: While older relatives can be victims, they are not as commonly affected as female partners/spouses and children.
Option B: Male partners/spouses are less likely to be victims compared to female partners/spouses and children.
Option C: This is the correct answer as female partners/spouses and children are the most frequent victims of domestic violence.
Option D: Older relatives are not as commonly affected as female partners/spouses and children.

Mnemonic: FPC - Female Partners and Children

390. Which term describes religious organization of a loosely knit and transient kind?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Cult.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Religious Studies exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A cult is a religious organization that is loosely knit and transient, often characterized by a charismatic leader and unconventional beliefs.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a cult with a sect, which is also a small religious group but tends to be more formal and structured.

Explanations: A cult is defined by its loosely knit and transient nature, often centered around a charismatic leader and unconventional beliefs. This aligns with the description of a religious organization that is not tightly structured and can change rapidly. A church is a formal, large-scale religious organization, a denomination is a branch within a larger religious organization, and a sect is a smaller, more formal group that has split from a larger organization.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Church is a formal, large-scale religious organization, not loosely knit or transient.
Option B: Denomination is a branch within a larger religious organization, not loosely knit or transient.
Option C: Sect is a smaller, more formal group that has split from a larger organization, not loosely knit or transient.
Option D: Cult is a loosely knit and transient religious organization, fitting the description.

Mnemonic: Cults are Cool, Unconventional, Loose, and Transient.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 39”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 39”

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