sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

31. According to Daniel Bell the first technological revolution.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Was the first of three such revolution.

Exam Relevance: History of Technology, Sociology Exams, Industrial Revolution Studies

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Daniel Bell's theory of technological revolutions posits that there have been three major technological revolutions in history.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the specific details of each technological revolution, leading to incorrect answers.

Explanations: Daniel Bell identified three technological revolutions: the first involved the harnessing of steam power and the mechanization of production, the second involved the use of electricity and the development of mass production, and the third involved the rise of information technology and automation. The first revolution, involving the mechanization of production, was the first of these three major technological shifts.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is the correct answer as it aligns with Daniel Bell's theory of three technological revolutions.
Option B: This is incorrect because the harnessing of electricity was part of the second technological revolution, not the first.
Option C: This is incorrect because changes in farming techniques were not the primary focus of the first technological revolution.
Option D: This is incorrect because not all of the statements are true according to Daniel Bell's theory.

Mnemonic: Steam, Electric, InfoTech - SEI

32. The visual representation of the people with whom you interact and their connections to one another.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Social network map.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Network Analysis exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A social network map visually represents individuals and their connections, illustrating the structure of social relationships.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a social network map with a social network, which is the actual network of relationships rather than its visual representation.

Explanations: A social network map is a visual tool that depicts the connections between individuals. It shows who is connected to whom and can include additional details such as the strength of connections or the nature of relationships. This makes it distinct from a social network, which is the actual network of relationships, and from organizational nodes or kinship maps, which focus on different aspects of relationships.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. A social network map is a visual representation of individuals and their connections.
Option B: Incorrect. A social network is the actual network of relationships, not its visual representation.
Option C: Incorrect. Organizational nodes refer to positions within an organization, not a visual representation of social connections.
Option D: Incorrect. Kinship maps focus on family relationships, not general social connections.

Mnemonic: Map the Net: Visualize the connections.

33. The the process through which people are taught to be proficient members of a society. It describes the ways that people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society's beliefs, and to be aware of societal values.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Socialization.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Psychology, High School Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Socialization is the process through which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse socialization with deviance, which refers to behavior that violates societal norms.

Explanations: Socialization is the process through which individuals learn to be proficient members of a society. It involves understanding societal norms and expectations, accepting society's beliefs, and being aware of societal values. This aligns with the description provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Socialization is the process of learning societal norms and values.
Option B: Incorrect. Deviance refers to behavior that violates societal norms, not the process of learning them.
Option C: Incorrect. Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group, not the process of learning them.
Option D: Incorrect. Degradation typically refers to a process of decline or deterioration, not the process of learning societal norms.

Mnemonic: S - Socialization, Society's norms learned.

34. Which of the following is places in which people are separated from the rest of society and controlled by officials in charge?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Total institutions.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Total institutions are places where individuals are separated from the rest of society and are under the control of officials in charge.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse total institutions with other social structures like families or schools, which do not fully isolate individuals from society.

Explanations: Total institutions are designed to isolate individuals from the outside world and place them under strict control. Examples include prisons, mental hospitals, and military boot camps. These institutions are characterized by their ability to control all aspects of an individual's life, including their daily routines, social interactions, and personal freedoms. This makes them distinct from other social structures like families or schools, which do not fully isolate individuals from society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Public schools are not total institutions because they do not isolate individuals from society and do not control all aspects of their lives.
Option B: Governments are not total institutions as they do not isolate individuals from society and do not control all aspects of their lives.
Option C: Total institutions are places where individuals are separated from the rest of society and are under the control of officials in charge, fitting the description given in the question.
Option D: Families are not total institutions because they do not isolate individuals from society and do not control all aspects of their lives.

Mnemonic: Think "Total Control" for Total Institutions.

35. The prevailing ideas in society, the things that "everyone knows" as true are referred to as.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Common sense.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Common sense refers to the collective beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge that are widely accepted in a society. It encompasses the shared understanding of what is considered true or reasonable by most people.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse common sense with social facts, which are external social structures and norms that influence behavior, rather than the internalized beliefs and knowledge that constitute common sense.

Explanations: Common sense is the term used to describe the prevailing ideas and beliefs that are widely accepted in a society. It represents the collective understanding and knowledge that most people consider to be true or reasonable. This aligns with the description of "the things that 'everyone knows' as true."

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social facts refer to external social structures and norms, not the internalized beliefs and knowledge that constitute common sense.
Option B: Common sense is the correct term for the prevailing ideas and beliefs that are widely accepted in a society.
Option C: Common knowledge refers to information that is widely known and accessible, but it does not necessarily encompass the beliefs and attitudes that make up common sense.
Option D: Symbols are representations of ideas or concepts, not the prevailing ideas and beliefs themselves.

36. A status that is neither earned nor chosen

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Ascribed status.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Ascribed status refers to a social position that is assigned to individuals at birth or through circumstances beyond their control, such as race, gender, or family background.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse ascribed status with achieved status, which is a social position that is earned through personal effort and merit.

Explanations: Ascribed status is a social position that is neither earned nor chosen. It is assigned to individuals based on characteristics they are born with or circumstances they cannot control. This makes it distinct from achieved status, which is based on personal accomplishments and choices.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Ascribed status is correct because it is a social position that is neither earned nor chosen.
Option B: Achieved status is incorrect because it is a social position that is earned through personal effort and merit.
Option C: Master status is incorrect because it refers to the most significant status that overshadows all others, but it can be either ascribed or achieved.
Option D: Basic status is not a recognized sociological term in this context.

Mnemonic: AS = Assigned Status

37. Which word means the ideas, beliefs and practices passed on from parents to their children?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Traditions.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP World History, IB History

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Traditions are customs, beliefs, and practices that are passed down from one generation to the next, often within families or communities.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse traditions with other cultural practices or social norms that are not necessarily passed down through generations.

Explanations: Traditions specifically refer to the ideas, beliefs, and practices that are passed on from parents to their children, making it the correct answer. The other options do not fit the definition of being passed down through generations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Challenge does not refer to the passing of beliefs and practices from one generation to another.
Option B: Competition is a contest or rivalry, not related to the transmission of cultural practices.
Option C: Traditions are the correct answer as they involve the passing of beliefs and practices from parents to children.
Option D: Behave refers to the manner in which someone acts, not the transmission of cultural practices.

38. Who called the untouchables as Harijans (Children of God) and publicized that name?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Gandhiji.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, SSC, Civil Services

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Gandhiji referred to the untouchables as Harijans, meaning "Children of God," to emphasize their divine status and to promote social equality.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the term Harijans with other social reformers or leaders who also worked for the upliftment of the untouchables.

Explanations: Gandhiji introduced the term "Harijan" to address the untouchables in a respectful and dignified manner. This term was widely publicized and used to highlight their social and spiritual equality. The other options, such as Ambedkar, Ayyankali, and Sri Narayana Guru, were also significant social reformers but did not specifically use the term "Harijan."

Option Analysis:

Option A: Ambedkar was a prominent social reformer and a key figure in the Indian Constitution, but he did not use the term "Harijan."
Option B: Ayyankali was a social reformer from Kerala who worked for the rights of the untouchables but did not use the term "Harijan."
Option C: Sri Narayana Guru was a spiritual leader and social reformer who worked for the upliftment of the Ezhava community but did not use the term "Harijan."
Option D: Gandhiji introduced and popularized the term "Harijan" to address the untouchables in a respectful manner.

Mnemonic: Gandhi-Harijan: G-H

39. May be more diversity in a specific ethnic group than between the groups all together. For example, a Hindu doctor may have little in common with a Bangladeshi restaurateur despite them both being South Asian.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Modood.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams, Ethnic Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The concept revolves around the idea that diversity within ethnic groups can be as significant as diversity between different ethnic groups.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that ethnic groups are homogeneous and fail to recognize the internal diversity within these groups.

Explanations: Tariq Modood, a prominent sociologist, has argued that there can be more diversity within ethnic groups than between them. This is illustrated by the example provided, where a Hindu doctor and a Bangladeshi restaurateur, both South Asian, may have little in common despite their shared ethnic background. This highlights the internal diversity within ethnic groups, which is a key point in Modood's work.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Krenshaw is known for intersectionality theory, which is not directly related to the concept of internal diversity within ethnic groups.
Option B: Weathers is not a recognized sociologist in this context, and there is no known work by this individual that aligns with the given statement.
Option C: Modood's work on ethnic diversity and internal group dynamics aligns with the statement provided.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Modood's work is the correct reference for the given statement.

40. What term is used to describe the movement of individuals up or down the social scale during the course of their working lives?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Intragenerational mobility.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Intragenerational mobility refers to the movement of individuals up or down the social scale during the course of their working lives.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse intragenerational mobility with intergenerational mobility, which refers to the movement between generations rather than within an individual's lifetime.

Explanations: Intragenerational mobility describes changes in social status that occur within an individual's lifetime. This can include changes in occupation, income, or social class. The term specifically focuses on the movement of individuals up or down the social scale during their working lives, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Open mobility is not a standard term used in sociology to describe social mobility.
Option B: Lateral mobility refers to horizontal movement within the same social stratum, not up or down the social scale.
Option C: Intragenerational mobility is the correct term for movement up or down the social scale during an individual's working life.
Option D: Intergenerational mobility refers to changes in social status between generations, not within an individual's lifetime.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 4”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 4”

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