sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

41. Who has opined that caste system and not village studies are integral to Indian civilization?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Louis Dumont.

Exam Relevance: PhD entrance exams, Sociology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Louis Dumont is known for his influential work on the caste system in India, particularly his book "Homo Hierarchicus."

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Louis Dumont with other scholars who have also studied Indian society, such as G.S. Ghurye or N.K. Bose.

Explanations: Louis Dumont's work emphasizes the caste system as a fundamental aspect of Indian civilization, arguing that it is deeply embedded in the social structure and cultural values. His analysis suggests that the caste system is more integral to Indian civilization than village studies, which focus on local community dynamics.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Louis Dumont is correct as he is known for his extensive work on the caste system in India.
Option B: David Hardiman is known for his work on colonial and postcolonial India, not specifically for the caste system.
Option C: N.K. Bose is known for his work on rural sociology and village studies, not the caste system.
Option D: G.S. Ghurye is known for his contributions to Indian sociology, including caste studies, but Louis Dumont is more specifically associated with the integral nature of the caste system in Indian civilization.

Mnemonic: Dumont's Dharma: Caste is Core.

42. According to functionalism the fundamental human needs are.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Survival and expressiveness.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Functionalism is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It emphasizes the functions of social institutions and how they contribute to the overall stability of society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functionalism with other sociological theories such as conflict theory or symbolic interactionism, which focus on different aspects of social behavior and structure.

Explanations: Functionalism posits that society is composed of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability and equilibrium. The fundamental human needs identified by functionalism are survival and expressiveness. Survival refers to the basic needs necessary for human existence, such as food, shelter, and safety. Expressiveness involves the need for individuals to express their unique identities and engage in meaningful social interactions. These needs are essential for the functioning and stability of society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Income safety and deference are not the fundamental needs identified by functionalism.
Option B: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of property are more aligned with political philosophy rather than sociological functionalism.
Option C: Survival and expressiveness are the correct fundamental human needs according to functionalism.
Option D: Control over nature and the denial of death are not the primary concerns of functionalism.

Mnemonic: Survive and Express

43. Which sociological perspective emphasizes that in comparison with women men can drw on larger social networks that are useful in locating employment opportunities?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Conflict perspective.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The conflict perspective in sociology emphasizes power differentials and inequalities within society. It suggests that men often have larger and more diverse social networks, which can provide them with more employment opportunities compared to women.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the conflict perspective with the functionalist perspective, which focuses on how social institutions maintain stability and order rather than on power differentials.

Explanations: The conflict perspective highlights the power dynamics and inequalities that exist between different social groups. In the context of employment, it suggests that men, due to their larger and more diverse social networks, have an advantage in accessing job opportunities. This perspective focuses on how these inequalities can perpetuate social stratification and power imbalances.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The functionalist perspective emphasizes social stability and the interdependence of social institutions, not the power dynamics that lead to unequal access to resources.
Option B: The conflict perspective correctly identifies the power dynamics and inequalities that result in men having larger social networks and more employment opportunities.
Option C: The interactionist perspective focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, not on the broader power structures that influence employment opportunities.
Option D: The clinical perspective is not a sociological perspective and is more relevant to medical or psychological assessments.

44. Social status is based on ability and achievement

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Meritocracy.

Exam Relevance: AP Government, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Meritocracy is a system where social status is based on individual ability and achievement.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse meritocracy with competition, which is a process rather than a system of social organization.

Explanations: Meritocracy is a system where social status is determined by individual ability and achievement. This aligns with the statement that social status is based on ability and achievement.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Meritocracy is the correct term for a system where social status is based on ability and achievement.
Option B: Competition is a process of striving to achieve or outdo others, not a system of social organization.
Option C: Charter school is a type of public school with a specific charter, unrelated to social status based on ability and achievement.
Option D: Traditional school is a general term for a conventional educational institution, not a system of social organization based on merit.

45. "OUT" GROUP

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) THEY.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The phrase "OUT" GROUP refers to a social group to which an individual does not belong and may feel alienated from.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the "OUT" GROUP with the "IN" GROUP, which refers to the group to which an individual feels they belong.

Explanations: The term "OUT" GROUP is used to describe a group that an individual does not identify with or feel a part of. The correct answer "THEY" refers to the individuals who are part of the "OUT" GROUP, emphasizing the distinction between the "IN" GROUP and the "OUT" GROUP.

Option Analysis:

Option A: "WE" refers to the "IN" GROUP, not the "OUT" GROUP.
Option B: "A LOT OF POWER" does not relate to the concept of an "OUT" GROUP.
Option C: "THEY" correctly refers to the individuals who are part of the "OUT" GROUP.
Option D: "NO CHOICE" does not relate to the concept of an "OUT" GROUP.

Mnemonic: OUT = OTHERS UNTOUCHED

46. Conflict is most likely to arise as a result of

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Clash of interests.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, Civil Services Exam

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Conflict often arises when individuals or groups have competing interests or goals that are incompatible.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse conflict with emotional responses like hatred or prejudice, which are not the primary drivers of conflict.

Explanations: Conflict is most likely to arise when there is a clash of interests. This means that different parties have goals or desires that are incompatible, leading to disagreements and potential conflict. While prejudice and hatred can exacerbate conflict, they are not the primary cause. Radicalism can also contribute to conflict, but it is more of a consequence or a form of conflict rather than the root cause.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Prejudice can contribute to conflict but is not the primary cause.
Option B: Clash of interests is the primary cause of conflict.
Option C: Hatred can exacerbate conflict but is not the primary cause.
Option D: Radicalism can be a form of conflict but is not the primary cause.

47. Arbitration is to accommodation as accommodation is to

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Social interaction.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question tests the relationship between different sociological concepts. Arbitration and accommodation are both forms of conflict resolution, but they operate at different levels. Arbitration involves a third party to resolve disputes, while accommodation involves individuals or groups adjusting to each other's needs or demands.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse accommodation with rationalization, mistaking it as a form of psychological adjustment rather than a social process.

Explanations: Arbitration is a form of conflict resolution where a neutral third party helps resolve disputes. Accommodation, on the other hand, is a social process where individuals or groups adjust to each other's needs or demands. The relationship between arbitration and accommodation is that both are mechanisms for resolving conflict, but they operate differently. Accommodation is a form of social interaction where parties adjust to each other, making social interaction the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Rationalization is a psychological process, not a form of social interaction.
Option B: Social category refers to a group of people sharing common characteristics, not a process of conflict resolution.
Option C: Social interaction involves the exchange of actions and reactions between individuals or groups, which is the correct context for accommodation.
Option D: Gesellschaft refers to a type of social relationship characterized by impersonal and contractual associations, not a form of conflict resolution.

Mnemonic: AAR: Arbitration, Accommodation, Social interaction.

48. Believed that sociologist could never capture the reality of society but should focus on ideal types that best capture the essential features of aspects of social reality: Three Dimensions of Society: Political, Economic, Cultural

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Max Weber.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Max Weber believed that sociologists could not capture the full reality of society but should focus on ideal types that best capture the essential features of social reality. He proposed the three dimensions of society: political, economic, and cultural.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Max Weber with Karl Marx, who focused more on economic determinism and class struggle.

Explanations: Max Weber argued that sociologists should not attempt to capture the full complexity of society but instead focus on ideal types, which are simplified models that highlight essential features. Weber's three dimensions of society—political, economic, and cultural—reflect his belief in the importance of these spheres in understanding social reality. This approach aligns with his broader methodological individualism and the use of ideal types to analyze social phenomena.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Karl Marx focused on economic determinism and class struggle, not ideal types.
Option B: Max Weber is known for his use of ideal types and the three dimensions of society.
Option C: Wright Mills is known for his concept of the power elite, not ideal types.
Option D: Herbert Spencer is associated with social Darwinism, not ideal types.

49. Children of divorce have.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The most difficulty at ages nine and ten.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Social Work exams, Family Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Children of divorce often experience emotional and psychological challenges, and research indicates that these difficulties can vary by age.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that all children of divorce experience the same level of difficulty regardless of age.

Explanations: Research suggests that children of divorce may face the most significant emotional and psychological challenges around the ages of nine and ten. This is due to the developmental stage where children are more aware of their environment and the complexities of their family situation, leading to heightened stress and adjustment issues.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is incorrect because children of divorce often do experience problems, particularly during certain developmental stages.
Option B: This is incorrect because children generally do not prefer parental conflict; it is a source of stress and anxiety.
Option C: This is correct as research indicates that children of divorce often have the most difficulty adjusting at ages nine and ten.
Option D: This is incorrect because children from divorced families often face more adjustment problems compared to those from intact families.

50. Who advocated the theory of 'sick role'?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Talcott Parsons.

Exam Relevance: Sociology PhD exams, Social Science Research Methods exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Talcott Parsons is known for his contributions to the sociology of health and illness, including the concept of the 'sick role'.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Talcott Parsons with other sociologists who have contributed to the study of health and illness, such as R.K. Merton.

Explanations: Talcott Parsons developed the theory of the 'sick role' in the context of social roles and functions. The 'sick role' describes the rights and obligations of individuals who are sick and the expectations society has of them. This concept is fundamental in understanding the social aspects of health and illness.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Malinowski is known for his work in social anthropology, particularly in the study of kinship and social structure, not specifically for the 'sick role'.
Option B: Talcott Parsons is the correct answer as he developed the theory of the 'sick role'.
Option C: R.K. Merton contributed to sociology with concepts like anomie and strain theory, but not the 'sick role'.
Option D: W. Mills is known for his work on the power elite and sociological imagination, not the 'sick role'.

Mnemonic: Sick Role: Parsons' Prescription

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 5”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 5”

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