sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

631. What is a major benefit of doing fieldwork?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) It lets you gain insights into people's behavior, in the real world, in a way that experiments won't.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Fieldwork provides a unique opportunity to observe and understand human behavior in natural settings, which can offer deeper insights compared to controlled experimental settings.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that fieldwork is less scientific or less valuable than laboratory experiments.

Explanations: Fieldwork allows researchers to observe people in their natural environments, capturing the complexity and variability of real-world behavior. This approach can reveal nuances and contextual factors that are difficult to replicate in controlled experiments. By observing behavior in situ, researchers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of human actions and interactions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because while fieldwork does involve observing people's behavior, it is not the primary benefit. The primary benefit is the real-world context.
Option B: This option is correct because fieldwork provides unique insights into real-world behavior that are not easily obtained through controlled experiments.
Option C: This option is incorrect because fieldwork focuses on observable behavior rather than beliefs, which are more abstract and harder to measure directly.
Option D: This option is incorrect because fieldwork is not primarily about working with scientists, but rather about observing and understanding human behavior in natural settings.

632. The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others is called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Ethnocentrism.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own culture and the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse ethnocentrism with prejudice, which is a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

Explanations: Ethnocentrism specifically refers to the belief that one's own culture is superior to others. This concept is distinct from prejudice, which is a broader term for preconceived opinions or attitudes. Discrimination involves actions based on these attitudes, while partisan refers to a strong allegiance to a particular group or cause. Ethnocentrism is the most accurate term for the described tendency.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Partisan refers to a strong allegiance to a particular group or cause, which does not fit the context of cultural superiority.
Option B: Prejudice is a preconceived opinion not based on reason or experience, which is broader than the specific cultural superiority described.
Option C: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture, which directly matches the described tendency.
Option D: Discrimination involves actions based on prejudiced attitudes, which is not the same as the belief in cultural superiority.

Mnemonic: E for Ethnocentrism, E for Exclusivity.

633. What is Anticipatory Socialization?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) The process, facilitated by social interactions.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Anticipatory socialization is the process by which individuals prepare for future roles and statuses through social interactions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse anticipatory socialization with other forms of socialization, such as resocialization or primary socialization.

Explanations: Anticipatory socialization involves preparing for future roles through social interactions. This process is facilitated by interactions with others who provide guidance, expectations, and norms for upcoming roles. It is distinct from other forms of socialization, such as primary socialization, which occurs in early childhood, and resocialization, which involves changing existing norms and roles.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect, as giving up old norms is not the definition of anticipatory socialization.
Option B: Incorrect, as learning new norms is a part of socialization but does not encompass the anticipatory aspect.
Option C: Correct, as it accurately describes the process of anticipatory socialization.
Option D: Incorrect, as the correct answer is provided in option C.

634. Philosophers like John Locke theorize that ..... makes us who we are

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Environment.

Exam Relevance: AP Philosophy, IB Theory of Knowledge

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: John Locke's theory emphasizes the role of environment in shaping an individual's identity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Locke's theory with other philosophical perspectives that emphasize innate qualities or genetic factors.

Explanations: John Locke proposed the "tabula rasa" concept, which suggests that individuals are born without innate ideas and that knowledge comes from experience and perception. This means that the environment, including experiences, education, and social interactions, plays a crucial role in shaping who we are.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Locke's theory emphasizes the environment's role in shaping identity.
Option B: Incorrect. Locke's theory does not focus on genes as the primary factor in identity formation.
Option C: Incorrect. While family can influence the environment, Locke's theory is broader and includes all environmental factors.
Option D: Incorrect. Religion is not the primary focus of Locke's theory on identity formation.

635. Fail to consider the experiences of women of colour who are also working-class. Fail to consider that middle-class white women are often freed from capitalism and patriarchy as they take advantage of working-class and ethnic minority women to achieve it.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Mirza.

Exam Relevance: Sociology, Gender Studies, Feminist Theory

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question addresses the intersectionality of race, class, and gender in feminist theory.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the specific critiques of middle-class white feminism and the exploitation of working-class and ethnic minority women.

Explanations: Mirza's work critiques the limitations of mainstream feminist theory, which often fails to address the experiences of women of colour and working-class women. She argues that middle-class white women can benefit from the labor of working-class and ethnic minority women, thereby reinforcing capitalist and patriarchal structures. This critique highlights the intersectionality of race, class, and gender, and the need for a more inclusive feminist perspective.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Miles is not known for this specific critique of feminist theory.
Option B: Gilroy's work focuses more on black cultural studies and does not specifically address the intersection of race, class, and gender in feminist theory.
Option C: Westergaard's work is primarily in the area of gender and crime, not feminist theory.
Option D: Mirza's work is known for critiquing the limitations of mainstream feminist theory and highlighting the experiences of women of colour and working-class women.

Mnemonic: Mirza's critique: Race, Class, Gender

636. Social Sciences are pejoratively known as.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Soft sciences.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, Sociology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Social Sciences are often pejoratively referred to as "soft sciences" due to the subjective nature of their methods and the difficulty in applying the same level of empirical rigor as in natural sciences.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse "soft sciences" with "hard sciences," which are typically associated with fields like physics, chemistry, and biology.

Explanations: Social Sciences, such as sociology, psychology, and anthropology, are often labeled as "soft sciences" because they deal with human behavior and societal structures, which are inherently complex and less predictable than the physical phenomena studied in "hard sciences." This term reflects a perception that the methodologies and findings in social sciences are less precise and more subjective.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Social Sciences are often pejoratively referred to as "soft sciences."
Option B: Incorrect. "Hard sciences" refers to fields like physics and chemistry, not social sciences.
Option C: Incorrect. While social sciences can be theoretical, this term does not capture the pejorative connotation.
Option D: Incorrect. The correct term is provided in option A.

637. This type of society is characterized by the collection of plants and animals

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Hunter-gatherer.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Hunter-gatherer societies are characterized by the collection of plants and animals for sustenance.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse hunter-gatherer societies with agricultural societies, which involve the cultivation of crops and domestication of animals.

Explanations: Hunter-gatherer societies rely on foraging and hunting for their food sources, which involves collecting plants and animals from their natural environment. This lifestyle does not involve the cultivation of crops or the domestication of animals, which distinguishes it from agricultural, pastoral, and horticultural societies.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Agricultural societies involve the cultivation of crops and domestication of animals, which is not the same as collecting plants and animals.
Option B: Pastoral societies focus on the herding of animals, which is different from the collection of plants and animals.
Option C: Horticultural societies involve the cultivation of plants, often using simple tools, which is not the same as collecting plants and animals.
Option D: Hunter-gatherer societies are characterized by the collection of plants and animals from their natural environment.

638. Togetherness that is based on interdependence and the division of labor.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Organic Solidarity.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Organic solidarity refers to the interdependence of individuals in a society based on the division of labor and specialized roles.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse organic solidarity with mechanical solidarity, which is based on shared beliefs and values rather than interdependence.

Explanations: Organic solidarity is characterized by the interdependence of individuals who perform specialized tasks, contributing to the overall functioning of society. This form of solidarity arises in complex societies where the division of labor is extensive, and individuals rely on each other for the goods and services they need. The correct answer, Organic Solidarity, accurately describes this interdependence and division of labor.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Organic solidarity is based on interdependence and the division of labor.
Option B: Incorrect. Gemeinschaft refers to a community characterized by close personal relationships and shared values, not interdependence and division of labor.
Option C: Incorrect. Mechanical solidarity is based on shared beliefs and values, not interdependence and division of labor.
Option D: Incorrect. Cohesion refers to the unity and strength of a group, but does not specifically address interdependence and division of labor.

639. The legitimate possession of power is a definition of.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Authority.

Exam Relevance: Political Science, Public Administration, Philosophy

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The concept of authority involves the legitimate possession of power to govern or control.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse authority with force, which is the use of power to compel action, rather than the legitimate possession of power.

Explanations: Authority is defined as the legitimate possession of power. This means that the power held by an entity, such as a government or an organization, is recognized as rightful and justifiable. The term "legitimate" implies that the power is granted through established rules, laws, or societal norms, distinguishing it from power obtained through force or coercion.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Force is the use of power to compel action, not the legitimate possession of power.
Option B: The police are an institution that enforces laws, but they are not a definition of legitimate possession of power.
Option C: The state is a political entity, but it is not a definition of legitimate possession of power.
Option D: Authority is the correct term for the legitimate possession of power.

640. According to Steve Bruce (1996) which of the following was a factor in generating strong religious commitment in the USA as compared to Europe?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Late and very rapid industrialization.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Religious Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The correct answer is based on Steve Bruce's analysis of the differences between religious commitment in the USA and Europe. He argued that the rapid industrialization in the USA created a social and economic environment that fostered strong religious commitment.

Common Mistakes: Students might mistakenly choose options related to religious movements or church structures, as these are often discussed in the context of religious commitment.

Explanations: Steve Bruce (1996) posited that the late and very rapid industrialization in the USA led to significant social and economic changes. These changes created a context where religious institutions and beliefs played a crucial role in providing stability and community support. In contrast, Europe had a more gradual industrialization process, which did not create the same level of social upheaval and thus did not foster the same level of religious commitment.

Option Analysis:

Option A: An evangelical strand of Christianity is not the primary factor according to Bruce's analysis.
Option B: A non-established church is not the main reason for strong religious commitment in the USA, according to Bruce.
Option C: A variety of new religious movements is not the key factor identified by Bruce.
Option D: Late and very rapid industrialization is the correct factor identified by Bruce as a key reason for strong religious commitment in the USA.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 64”

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 64”

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