sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

641. A problem, produced by society, that influences a considerable number of the individuals.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Social issue.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A social issue is a problem that affects a significant portion of a society and is often the result of societal structures or behaviors.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social issues with socialization, which is the process by which individuals learn the norms and values of their society.

Explanations: A social issue is a problem that arises from societal structures and affects a considerable number of individuals. This aligns with the description provided in the question, making it the correct answer. Socialization, social stratification, and anomie do not fit the description as precisely.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms and values of their society, not a societal problem.
Option B: Social issue is a problem that affects a significant portion of a society, fitting the description given.
Option C: Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups within a society, not a societal problem.
Option D: Anomie is a state of normlessness or a breakdown of social norms, but it is not a societal problem affecting a considerable number of individuals.

642. Income distribution according to productive contribution is.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Efficient but inequitable.

Exam Relevance: Economics, Microeconomics, Macroeconomics

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Income distribution according to productive contribution is a principle where individuals are paid based on their productivity or the value they add to the economy. This system is considered efficient because it aligns incentives with productivity, encouraging hard work and innovation. However, it is often seen as inequitable because it does not account for factors such as luck, social background, or inherent abilities that can influence productivity.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that income distribution based on productive contribution is both efficient and equitable, overlooking the inherent inequalities that can arise from differences in individual circumstances and opportunities.

Explanations: Income distribution according to productive contribution is efficient because it incentivizes individuals to maximize their productivity, leading to higher economic output. However, it is inequitable because it does not consider the unequal starting points and opportunities that individuals have, which can significantly affect their ability to contribute productively. This system rewards those who are already advantaged, potentially widening the gap between the rich and the poor.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Efficient because it incentivizes productivity, but inequitable due to unequal starting points and opportunities.
Option B: Incorrect. Inefficient because it does not align incentives with productivity, and inequitable is not the primary issue.
Option C: Incorrect. While it is efficient, it is not equitable due to the unequal distribution of opportunities and starting points.
Option D: Incorrect. This is not a tenet of communism, which typically advocates for more equitable distribution regardless of individual contribution.

643. Does Karl Marx's communist society exist today?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) No.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, IB History, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Karl Marx's vision of a communist society involves the abolition of private property, the state, and class distinctions, leading to a classless society where resources are distributed based on need. This ideal has not been fully realized in any modern society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the existence of socialist or communist political parties or states with the realization of Marx's ideal society.

Explanations: Karl Marx's communist society is an idealized concept that has not been fully implemented in any country today. While some countries have adopted socialist or communist political systems, none have achieved the complete abolition of private property, the state, and class distinctions as envisioned by Marx. Therefore, the correct answer is (B) No.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because no country has fully implemented Marx's vision of a communist society.
Option B: Correct because no country has fully implemented Marx's vision of a communist society.
Option C: Incorrect because the correct answer is not either (A) or (B).
Option D: Incorrect because the correct answer is (B).

644. In school, rewards and punishments are based on

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Performance.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Rewards and punishments in a school setting are typically based on the performance of students.

Common Mistakes: Students might mistakenly believe that rewards and punishments are based on personal relationships or affection, rather than performance.

Explanations: In a school environment, the primary basis for rewards and punishments is the performance of students. This includes academic achievements, behavior, and participation. Performance-based systems ensure fairness and motivate students to strive for excellence.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Rewards and punishments are based on performance in school.
Option B: Incorrect. Blood relationships are not a basis for rewards and punishments in school.
Option C: Incorrect. Affection does not determine rewards and punishments in a school setting.
Option D: Incorrect. Desocialization is not a relevant concept for rewards and punishments in school.

645. Culture Complexes combine to form .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Culture Patterns.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Culture Complexes combine to form larger, more comprehensive structures known as Culture Patterns.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Culture Complexes with Culture Traits, thinking they are the same level of organization.

Explanations: Culture Complexes are groups of related culture traits that function together. When multiple Culture Complexes interact and integrate, they form a larger, more complex structure known as a Culture Pattern. This pattern represents a broader and more cohesive set of cultural elements that collectively define a particular cultural context.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Culture Traits are individual elements of culture, not the combination of Culture Complexes.
Option B: Culture Patterns are the correct answer as they are formed by the combination of multiple Culture Complexes.
Option C: Culture Complexes are the components that combine to form Culture Patterns, not the result of the combination.
Option D: A Culture is a broader term that encompasses all cultural elements, not specifically the combination of Culture Complexes.

646. A punishment or reward given by a official organization or regulatory agency, such as a school, business, or government

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Formal sanction.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Management exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A formal sanction is a punishment or reward given by an official organization or regulatory agency, such as a school, business, or government.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse formal sanctions with informal sanctions, which are typically given by individuals or small groups rather than official organizations.

Explanations: Formal sanctions are actions taken by official bodies to enforce rules or norms. These sanctions can be either positive (rewards) or negative (punishments) and are designed to maintain order and compliance within the organization. The term "formal" indicates that these sanctions are part of a structured system and are officially recognized and enforced.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Internalization refers to the process of adopting societal norms and values as one's own, not an official punishment or reward.
Option B: Positive sanction refers to rewards given to encourage certain behaviors, but it does not specify the official nature of the organization giving the sanction.
Option C: Negative sanction refers to punishments given to discourage certain behaviors, but it does not specify the official nature of the organization giving the sanction.
Option D: Formal sanction correctly identifies the official nature of the organization giving the punishment or reward.

647. Which perspective is based on the idea that distribution of power is most important

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Conflict perspective.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Theory Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The conflict perspective in sociology emphasizes the distribution of power and resources as a central aspect of social life.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the conflict perspective with the functional perspective, which focuses on how social institutions maintain stability and order.

Explanations: The conflict perspective is based on the idea that power and resources are unevenly distributed in society, leading to conflict between different groups. This perspective highlights the struggle for power and the ways in which dominant groups maintain their control over subordinate groups. The functional perspective, on the other hand, focuses on the stability and equilibrium of society, rather than power dynamics.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The functional perspective emphasizes the stability and equilibrium of society, not the distribution of power.
Option B: The sociological perspective is a broad term and does not specifically focus on the distribution of power.
Option C: The conflict perspective is based on the idea that power and resources are unevenly distributed, leading to social conflict.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the conflict perspective is the correct answer.

648. Which of these is an example of Cultural Universal?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Funeral.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Geography, Cultural Anthropology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Cultural universals are elements that are found in all human cultures. Funerals are a cultural universal because all cultures have some form of ritual or ceremony to honor the dead.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that items like newspapers or desks are cultural universals because they are common in many societies, but these are not found in all cultures.

Explanations: Funerals are a cultural universal because every culture has some form of ritual or ceremony to honor the dead. This practice is consistent across all human societies, making it a cultural universal. Other options like newspapers, desks, and ocean liners are not found in all cultures and thus do not qualify as cultural universals.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Newspapers are not found in all cultures and are a product of modern technology and literacy.
Option B: Desks are not found in all cultures and are a product of modern office and educational environments.
Option C: Funerals are a cultural universal because all cultures have some form of ritual or ceremony to honor the dead.
Option D: Ocean liners are not found in all cultures and are a product of modern maritime technology.

649. In 1993 there were roughly 45 000 people in jail, what is the prison population today?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) 84,000 - it has nearly doubled in the last 20 years.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Statistics

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question requires understanding of population growth over a specific time period and the ability to interpret the given data correctly.

Common Mistakes: Students may misinterpret the growth rate or confuse the time frame, leading to incorrect calculations or assumptions.

Explanations: The prison population in 1993 was approximately 45,000. The correct answer states that the population has nearly doubled in the last 20 years. Doubling 45,000 results in 90,000. The closest option to this figure is 84,000, which indicates a near doubling of the population.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as it indicates a near doubling of the prison population from 45,000 to 84,000.
Option B: Incorrect, as tripling 45,000 would result in 135,000, not 120,000.
Option C: Incorrect, as halving 45,000 would result in 22,500, not 60,000.
Option D: Incorrect, as the correct answer is provided in Option A.

Mnemonic: Double the number, not triple or halve.

650. Placement of students in programs according to academic ability levels

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Tracking.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Tracking refers to the practice of placing students in different educational programs or classes based on their academic ability levels.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse tracking with other educational practices such as streaming or ability grouping, which are similar but not identical.

Explanations: The practice of placing students in programs according to their academic ability levels is known as tracking. This method aims to tailor educational experiences to the specific needs and abilities of students, potentially enhancing their learning outcomes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Latent function refers to unintended consequences of a social institution, not the practice of placing students in different programs based on ability.
Option B: Manifest function refers to the intended and recognized consequences of a social institution, not the practice of placing students in different programs based on ability.
Option C: Tracking is the correct term for placing students in different educational programs based on their academic ability levels.
Option D: This option is incorrect as tracking is the correct term for the described practice.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 65”

Anonymous January 28, 2020

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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 65”

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