sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

751. Comte argued that knowledge passed through which three stages?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Theological metaphysical positive.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Philosophy exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Auguste Comte's Law of Three Stages posits that societies progress through three stages of development: theological, metaphysical, and positive.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the order of the stages or mix them up with other philosophical concepts.

Explanations: Comte's Law of Three Stages asserts that societies evolve through three distinct stages of thought. The first stage is the theological stage, where explanations are based on supernatural forces. The second stage is the metaphysical stage, where explanations are based on abstract concepts and human reason. The final stage is the positive stage, where explanations are based on empirical evidence and scientific methods. This progression reflects the development of human understanding from religious to philosophical to scientific.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is the correct sequence of stages as proposed by Comte.
Option B: This option does not represent Comte's stages and is incorrect.
Option C: This option does not represent Comte's stages and is incorrect.
Option D: This option does not represent Comte's stages and is incorrect.

Mnemonic: T-M-P: Think, Metaphor, Prove

752. Things we learn in school but we are not directly taught through the official curriculum

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Hidden curriculum.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The hidden curriculum refers to the unwritten, unofficial, and often unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the hidden curriculum with explicit teaching methods or formal curriculum content.

Explanations: The hidden curriculum encompasses the implicit messages and values that students absorb through their school experiences, such as social norms, cultural expectations, and unspoken rules. These lessons are not formally taught but are learned through observation, interaction, and the school environment. This aligns with the concept of learning things indirectly through the school experience, rather than through the official curriculum.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Differences in achievement are related to student performance and outcomes, not the indirect learning experiences.
Option B: Meritocracy refers to a system where advancement is based on individual ability and effort, not the indirect learning experiences in school.
Option C: Institutional racism involves systemic discrimination within institutions, which is a broader societal issue and not specifically about indirect learning in schools.
Option D: The hidden curriculum is the correct answer as it refers to the indirect learning experiences and values students absorb through their school environment.

Mnemonic: HIDE: Hidden lessons, Indirectly learned, Directly experienced

753. Deviance is a social necessity since it reinforces norms by reminding people of the consequences of violating them. This idea is based on:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Structural functionalism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Structural functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It emphasizes the importance of social institutions and norms in maintaining social order.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse structural functionalism with conflict theory, which focuses on the struggle between different social groups rather than the reinforcement of norms.

Explanations: Structural functionalism posits that deviance is a social necessity because it reinforces norms by reminding people of the consequences of violating them. This perspective sees deviance as a mechanism that helps society function by clarifying and reinforcing social norms and values.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Structural functionalism views deviance as a mechanism that reinforces social norms and values.
Option B: Incorrect. Conflict theory focuses on the struggle between different social groups and does not emphasize the reinforcing role of deviance.
Option C: Incorrect. Symbolic interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, not the reinforcing role of deviance.
Option D: Incorrect. Positivism emphasizes the scientific study of society and does not specifically address the reinforcing role of deviance.

754. A subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Counterculture.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A counterculture is a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse counterculture with subculture, which is a broader term that includes groups with distinct values and norms but not necessarily in opposition to mainstream culture.

Explanations: The term "counterculture" specifically refers to a subculture that actively opposes mainstream cultural norms and values. This opposition is a key characteristic that distinguishes counterculture from other subcultures. The correct answer, "Counterculture," accurately captures this oppositional nature.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Counterculture is defined by its opposition to mainstream cultural norms and values.
Option B: Incorrect. Folkways are norms that are not strictly enforced and do not involve opposition to mainstream culture.
Option C: Incorrect. Subculture is a broader term that includes groups with distinct values and norms but not necessarily in opposition to mainstream culture.
Option D: Incorrect. Values are principles or standards of behavior; they do not necessarily involve opposition to mainstream culture.

755. Consider the following Statements: VILLAGE IS AN EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY GROUP The belief that the feeling of discomfort is brought by a visitor who supposedly has an evil eye is called usog. Modernization theory states that countries can improve their situation through industrialization and a change in culture Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Only 1, 2, 3.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Sociology, High School Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The statements provided are related to sociological concepts. Each statement is true based on sociological definitions and theories.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the definitions of primary groups and the concept of usog, or they may not be familiar with modernization theory.

Explanations: 1. A village is an example of a primary group because it consists of a small number of people who have close, personal, and enduring relationships. 2. The belief that discomfort is brought by a visitor with an evil eye is called usog, which is a cultural belief found in some societies. 3. Modernization theory posits that countries can improve their economic and social conditions through industrialization and cultural changes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because it omits statement 3.
Option B: Incorrect because it omits statement 1.
Option C: Correct because all three statements are true.
Option D: Incorrect because it omits statement 2.

756. An ascribed status that a person cannot change is.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Race.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: An ascribed status is a social position assigned to individuals at birth or in early life, which they cannot change.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse ascribed status with achieved status, which can be changed through personal effort.

Explanations: Race is an ascribed status because it is determined at birth and cannot be changed. Religion, political party, and last name can all be altered or changed over time through personal choice or circumstances.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Race is an ascribed status because it is determined at birth and cannot be changed.
Option B: Religion is an achieved status because it can be changed through personal choice or conversion.
Option C: Political party affiliation is an achieved status because it can be changed based on personal beliefs and circumstances.
Option D: Last name is an achieved status because it can be changed through marriage, adoption, or legal name change.

Mnemonic: RACE - Remember Ascribed Cannot Evolve

757. Which of these is NOT a principle of positivism?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Science is based on common sense.

Exam Relevance: Philosophy of Science, Research Methodology, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Positivism emphasizes empirical observation and logical analysis, not common sense.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse common sense with empirical evidence, leading to incorrect selection.

Explanations: Positivism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of empirical observation and logical analysis in scientific research. It asserts that scientific knowledge should be based on observable and measurable phenomena, not on common sense or intuition. Therefore, the statement "Science is based on common sense" does not align with the principles of positivism.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This aligns with positivism as it emphasizes unbiased logical examination.
Option B: This aligns with positivism as it emphasizes empirical observation.
Option C: This does not align with positivism as it emphasizes common sense over empirical evidence.
Option D: This aligns with positivism as it emphasizes the objective of determining, predicting, and explaining problems.

758. Patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Cultural Universals.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Cultural Universals are traits or patterns that are found in all human societies, such as marriage, family, language, and religion.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Cultural Universals with Cultural Relativism, which is the idea that cultures should be understood in their own context rather than judged by the standards of another culture.

Explanations: Cultural Universals are globally common traits or patterns found in all human societies. These include fundamental aspects like marriage, family, language, and religion. The term "Cultural Universals" directly addresses the concept of globally common patterns, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Cultural Relativism is the idea that cultures should be understood in their own context, not judged by another culture's standards. This does not address globally common patterns.
Option B: Cultural Universals are traits or patterns found in all human societies, which aligns with the question's requirement.
Option C: This option is incorrect because only Cultural Universals fit the description of globally common patterns.
Option D: This option is incorrect because Cultural Universals is the correct term for globally common patterns.

759. Why do sociologists need to be careful when drawing conclusions from twin studies?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) The sample sizes are often small.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE Psychology, Sociology PhD Qualifying Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Twin studies often have small sample sizes, which can limit the generalizability of the findings.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the importance of sample size in the validity of research findings.

Explanations: Twin studies frequently involve a limited number of participants, often due to the rarity of twins and the difficulty in recruiting large numbers of them. Small sample sizes can lead to less reliable and less generalizable results. Therefore, sociologists need to be cautious when drawing conclusions from such studies, as the findings may not accurately reflect the broader population.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because the results of twin studies can still be relevant to singletons, even if the sample consists of twins.
Option B: While twins can be raised differently, this is not the primary reason for caution in drawing conclusions from twin studies.
Option C: The possibility of twins being fraternal is a consideration in twin studies, but it is not the main reason for caution.
Option D: This option is correct because small sample sizes can lead to less reliable and less generalizable results, which is a key concern in twin studies.

Mnemonic: Small samples, big caution.

760. In Hagerman's account where did the public sphere as an arena of public debate first develop?in.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Salons.

Exam Relevance: Political Science, Sociology, History

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The public sphere as an arena of public debate first developed in salons according to Hagerman's account.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the development of the public sphere with other forms of media or institutions, such as newspapers or universities.

Explanations: Hagerman's account emphasizes that salons were the initial venues where public debate and discussion emerged. These gatherings provided a space for intellectuals, artists, and other members of society to engage in open dialogue and exchange ideas. This environment fostered the development of a public sphere where individuals could freely express their opinions and participate in public discourse.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Salons were the initial venues for public debate according to Hagerman's account.
Option B: Incorrect. While newspapers played a significant role in the spread of ideas, they were not the first arena for public debate according to Hagerman.
Option C: Incorrect. Universities were important for academic discourse but not the primary setting for the development of the public sphere as described by Hagerman.
Option D: Incorrect. Television emerged much later and was not a factor in the initial development of the public sphere as described by Hagerman.

Mnemonic: SALON: Start of Active, Liberal Open Networks

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 76”

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 76”

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