sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

761. A parent secretly monitoring the babysitter through the use of GPS, site blocker, and nanny cam is a good example of:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Panoptic surveillance.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams, Security studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Panoptic surveillance refers to a form of constant monitoring where individuals are aware they are being watched, but they do not know when or how they are being observed. This concept is derived from Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon design, which has been adapted to modern surveillance technologies.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse panoptic surveillance with other forms of surveillance, such as overt surveillance, where individuals are aware of the specific times and methods of monitoring.

Explanations: The use of GPS, site blocker, and nanny cam by a parent to secretly monitor a babysitter exemplifies panoptic surveillance. The babysitter is aware that they are being monitored but does not know the exact times or methods of the monitoring, which aligns with the principles of panoptic surveillance.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The social construction of reality is about how individuals and groups construct an understanding of the world through social interaction, not about surveillance methods.
Option B: Technophilia refers to an enthusiasm for technology, which does not describe the act of surveillance.
Option C: A neo-Luddite is someone who opposes the use of technology, which is contrary to the use of technological tools for surveillance.
Option D: Panoptic surveillance is the correct answer as it describes the scenario where the babysitter is being monitored without knowing the exact times or methods of monitoring.

Mnemonic: PANOPTIC: Parent Always Noticing, Observing, Panicking, Tracking, Investigating, Constantly

762. Which of these is NOT viewed as a strength of surveys?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) They offer an appearance of precision.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Surveys are often seen as having an appearance of precision, but this is not necessarily a strength. Precision can be misleading if the survey methodology or sample is flawed.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly view the appearance of precision as a strength, not recognizing that precision without accuracy can be problematic.

Explanations: Surveys can give the impression of being precise due to the use of numerical data and statistical analysis. However, this appearance of precision can be misleading if the survey design or sample is flawed. Precision without accuracy is not a strength, as it can lead to false confidence in the results. Therefore, the appearance of precision is not viewed as a strength of surveys.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Specialist agencies often conduct surveys, which can enhance their reliability and validity.
Option B: The appearance of precision is not a strength because it can be misleading if the survey is not accurate.
Option C: Surveys provide data that is easy to quantify and analyze, which is a strength.
Option D: Surveys can study large numbers of people, which is a strength in terms of generalizability.

763. Consider the following Statements: The class system first appeared in the pastoral societies Empirical Statement describes what is in the social world without evaluating it; based on facts, not opinion. The cultural process of learning to participate in group life is called rehabilitation. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Only 2,.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The correct answer is based on the understanding of empirical statements and the definition of rehabilitation in sociology.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the definition of rehabilitation with socialization, leading to incorrect selection of statements.

Explanations: Statement 2 is true because an empirical statement is one that describes what is in the social world without evaluating it, based on facts rather than opinion. Statement 3 is false because the cultural process of learning to participate in group life is called socialization, not rehabilitation. Statement 1 is not necessarily true as the class system did not first appear in pastoral societies; it is more complex and varied across different historical and cultural contexts.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as only statement 2 is true.
Option B: Incorrect, as statement 1 is not necessarily true.
Option C: Incorrect, as statement 3 is false.
Option D: Incorrect, as statement 3 is false.

Mnemonic: Empirical = Empirical Evidence, Rehabilitation = Re-education

764. British rule restricted the autonomy of Beradaries and in turn gave.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Both a and b.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, IAS, Competitive History Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: British rule in India often involved restructuring local governance and institutions, impacting the autonomy of traditional groups like the Beradaries. This restructuring included the establishment of corporate structures and formal institutions.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the dual impact of British rule on both corporate structures and formal institutions, focusing only on one aspect.

Explanations: British rule in India aimed to centralize power and modernize governance. This involved the creation of corporate structures, such as companies and administrative bodies, and formal institutions, like courts and educational systems. Both of these changes affected the autonomy of traditional groups like the Beradaries, who were subject to new forms of governance and regulation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Corporate structures were indeed part of the changes brought by British rule.
Option B: Formal institutions were also established under British rule.
Option C: Both corporate structures and formal institutions were introduced, impacting the autonomy of traditional groups.
Option D: This option is incorrect as both corporate structures and formal institutions were established.

765. Who among the following is a proponent of cyclical theory of evolution?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) O. Spengler.

Exam Relevance: Sociology PhD exams, Anthropology PhD exams, Political Science PhD exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Oswald Spengler is known for his cyclical theory of evolution, which posits that civilizations go through a life cycle of birth, growth, decline, and death.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Oswald Spengler with other sociologists or philosophers who have different theories of social evolution.

Explanations: Oswald Spengler's cyclical theory of evolution suggests that civilizations follow a predetermined life cycle, similar to organic life. This theory emphasizes the idea that societies are not linearly progressive but rather follow a pattern of rise and fall. This concept is central to Spengler's work, particularly in his book "The Decline of the West," where he argues that civilizations are organic entities that go through stages of growth and decay.

Option Analysis:

Option A: T. Parsons is known for structural functionalism, not cyclical theory.
Option B: Durkheim is associated with the study of social facts and functionalism, not cyclical theory.
Option C: O. Spengler is the proponent of cyclical theory of evolution.
Option D: H. Spencer is known for social Darwinism and organic analogy, not cyclical theory.

766. What research method is cheap and easy to make, and can yield data on a broad range of topics, but can have problems like bias questions or dishonest responses?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Survey.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, GRE, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Surveys are a research method that involves collecting data from a sample of individuals through questions. They are inexpensive and can cover a wide range of topics, but they can also suffer from issues like biased questions or dishonest responses.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse surveys with polls, which are a type of survey but often used for quick, public opinion snapshots.

Explanations: Surveys are a cost-effective and versatile method for gathering data on various topics. They can be distributed easily through various mediums such as online, paper, or in-person. However, the quality of the data can be compromised if the questions are biased or if respondents provide dishonest answers.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Surveys are indeed cheap, easy to administer, and can cover a broad range of topics, but they can suffer from issues like biased questions or dishonest responses.
Option B: Polls are a type of survey, but they are typically used for quick snapshots of public opinion and may not cover as broad a range of topics as surveys.
Option C: Case studies are in-depth analyses of specific instances or individuals, which are not as broad in scope as surveys and are more resource-intensive.
Option D: Demographic information refers to statistical data about a population, which is not a research method but rather a type of data that can be collected through surveys or other methods.

767. Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one ..... causes change in another.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Variable.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Science Research Methods

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: In sociological studies, variables are the elements that can change and are measured to determine relationships.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse variables with behaviors or test subjects, not recognizing that variables are the specific factors being manipulated or measured.

Explanations: Sociological studies often examine how changes in one variable can lead to changes in another variable. For example, a study might look at how changes in income (one variable) affect educational attainment (another variable). Variables are the measurable factors that sociologists manipulate or observe to test hypotheses about relationships.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Test subject refers to the individuals or groups being studied, not the elements that change and are measured.
Option B: Behavior can be a variable, but it is not the general term used to describe the elements that change and are measured in sociological studies.
Option C: Variable is the correct term for the elements that can change and are measured to determine relationships in sociological studies.
Option D: Operational definition refers to how a variable is measured or defined in a study, not the variable itself.

768. Economic system with privately owned factories and profit.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Capitalism.

Exam Relevance: AP Economics, IB Economics, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals or businesses own the means of production and operate for profit.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse capitalism with socialism, where the government or community owns the means of production.

Explanations: Capitalism is characterized by private ownership of factories and businesses, with the primary goal of generating profit. This aligns with the description provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Capitalism involves private ownership and profit-driven enterprises.
Option B: Incorrect. Communism involves collective ownership and the absence of profit motive.
Option C: Incorrect. Socialism involves significant government control over the economy, often with public ownership of key industries.
Option D: Incorrect. Totalitarianism refers to a political system with centralized control and suppression of individual freedoms, not an economic system.

769. Any evidence used in developing conclusions in sociology must be measurable, or this term.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Empirical.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE Sociology, Sociology PhD Qualifying Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Empirical evidence is data that can be observed, measured, and tested through experiments or observations. In sociology, empirical evidence is crucial for developing and validating conclusions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse empirical evidence with other sociological concepts such as verstehen, which focuses on understanding the subjective meanings individuals attach to their actions.

Explanations: Empirical evidence is measurable and observable, making it essential for sociological research. It allows researchers to gather data through systematic observation, surveys, experiments, and other methods. This data can then be analyzed to draw conclusions and test hypotheses. The other options do not fit the requirement of being measurable evidence.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Verstehen refers to the interpretive understanding of social action, not measurable evidence.
Option B: Positivism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes empirical evidence, but it is not the evidence itself.
Option C: Empirical evidence is directly measurable and observable, fitting the requirement of the question.
Option D: Manifest refers to the observable and overt aspects of social behavior, but it does not specifically denote measurable evidence.

Mnemonic: E-M-P: Evidence Must be Provable

770. An interview would be a type of

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Qualitative research.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Psychology exams, Sociology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Qualitative research involves collecting non-numerical data to understand concepts, thoughts, or experiences. Interviews are a common method used in qualitative research to gather detailed insights and perspectives from participants.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse qualitative research with quantitative research, which involves numerical data and statistical analysis.

Explanations: Interviews are a type of qualitative research because they involve collecting detailed, non-numerical data through conversations. This method allows researchers to gain deep insights into participants' experiences, thoughts, and feelings, which aligns with the core principles of qualitative research.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Informal research is not a recognized category in research methodology. Interviews can be informal, but they are primarily categorized as qualitative research.
Option B: Formal research typically refers to structured, systematic methods, which can include both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Interviews are specifically qualitative.
Option C: Quantitative research involves numerical data and statistical analysis, which is not the primary focus of interviews.
Option D: Qualitative research involves collecting non-numerical data to understand concepts, thoughts, or experiences, which aligns with the nature of interviews.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 77”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 77”

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