sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

771. According to sociology standards people have about what is good and bad, which very from culture to culture is called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Values.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, Sociology 101, Social Psychology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Values are the principles or standards that guide behavior and beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong. They vary across cultures and are a fundamental aspect of sociology.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse values with beliefs, which are more specific and personal, or with culture, which is a broader term encompassing values, beliefs, and practices.

Explanations: Values are the shared principles or standards that guide behavior and beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong. They are a core component of a culture and vary from one culture to another. This makes them distinct from beliefs, which are more personal and specific, and from culture, which is a broader term that includes values, beliefs, and practices. Therefore, the correct answer is values.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Values are the correct answer as they are the shared principles or standards that guide behavior and beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, and vary from culture to culture.
Option B: Beliefs are more specific and personal, and do not encompass the broader concept of what is good or bad across cultures.
Option C: Culture is a broader term that includes values, beliefs, and practices, but does not specifically refer to the principles or standards about what is good or bad.
Option D: Symbols are representations of ideas or concepts, and do not directly relate to the principles or standards about what is good or bad.

Mnemonic: V - Values: Varying Virtues

772. Which sociologist is considered the "Father of the Conflict Theory"?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Karl Marx.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Karl Marx is considered the "Father of the Conflict Theory" due to his foundational work on class struggle and societal conflict.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Karl Marx with other sociologists like Max Weber or Emile Durkheim, who are also influential but in different areas of sociology.

Explanations: Karl Marx developed the conflict theory, which focuses on the struggle between different social classes and the role of economic factors in shaping society. His work emphasizes the inherent conflicts between the bourgeoisie (capitalists) and the proletariat (workers), making him the primary figure associated with conflict theory.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Karl Marx is the correct answer as he is the primary figure associated with conflict theory.
Option B: Max Weber is known for his work on bureaucracy and rationalization, not conflict theory.
Option C: Emile Durkheim is known for his work on social solidarity and functionalism, not conflict theory.
Option D: Herbert Spencer is known for his work on social Darwinism, not conflict theory.

773. A functionalist theorist, that believed sociology could use scientific procedures and promote social progress. Major Ideas: positivism, sociology, social statics, social dynamics.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Auguste Comte.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Auguste Comte is known for his contributions to positivism and the establishment of sociology as a scientific discipline. He introduced the concepts of social statics and social dynamics.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Auguste Comte with other classical sociologists like Emile Durkheim or Herbert Spencer, who also made significant contributions to the field of sociology.

Explanations: Auguste Comte is recognized for his foundational work in sociology, particularly his advocacy for positivism, which emphasizes the use of scientific methods to understand society. He believed that sociology could be a science that promotes social progress. Comte's ideas on social statics and social dynamics further solidify his role as a key figure in the development of sociological theory.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Max Weber is known for his work on rationalization and the Protestant Ethic, not for positivism or the establishment of sociology as a scientific discipline.
Option B: Emile Durkheim focused on social facts and the concept of anomie, but he did not introduce positivism or the idea of sociology as a science in the same way as Comte.
Option C: Herbert Spencer is known for his social Darwinism and the idea of social evolution, but he did not introduce positivism or the concept of sociology as a scientific discipline.
Option D: Auguste Comte is the correct answer as he is the theorist who introduced positivism and established sociology as a scientific discipline, with his ideas on social statics and social dynamics.

774. Which of the following is a social science but is not considered a behavioral science?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Geography.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, AP Human Geography

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Geography is a social science that studies the physical features of the Earth and the distribution of human populations and their activities. It is not considered a behavioral science, which focuses on human behavior and mental processes.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that all social sciences are behavioral sciences, which is not the case.

Explanations: Geography is a social science that examines the physical and human aspects of the Earth. It does not primarily focus on human behavior and mental processes, which are the core areas of behavioral sciences like psychology. Therefore, while geography is a social science, it is not considered a behavioral science.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Anthropology is a social science that studies human societies and cultures, including human behavior, making it a behavioral science.
Option B: Geography is a social science that studies the physical and human aspects of the Earth, but it does not focus on human behavior and mental processes, making it not a behavioral science.
Option C: Psychology is a social science that focuses on human behavior and mental processes, making it a behavioral science.
Option D: Sociology is a social science that studies human social behavior, groups, and societies, making it a behavioral science.

Mnemonic: GEO - Geography, Earth, Not Behavioral

775. Religion defines the spiritual world and gives meaning to the divine These are..... functions or religion.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Manifest.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Religious Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Religion's manifest functions are the intended and recognized roles it plays in society, such as defining the spiritual world and giving meaning to the divine.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse manifest functions with latent functions, which are unintended and often unrecognized roles.

Explanations: Religion's role in defining the spiritual world and giving meaning to the divine are intended and recognized functions. These are considered manifest functions because they are openly acknowledged and intended by the religious institution and its followers.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Manifest functions are the intended and recognized roles of religion.
Option B: Incorrect. Latent functions are unintended and often unrecognized roles.
Option C: Incorrect. Positive functions are not a standard sociological term in this context.
Option D: Incorrect. Negative functions are not a standard sociological term in this context.

Mnemonic: M: Manifest, Meaningful, and Meant

776. A group used for self-evaluation and the formation of attitudes, values, beliefs and norms.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Reference group.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A reference group is a group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and forming their attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse a reference group with an out-group, which is a group that an individual does not belong to and may view negatively.

Explanations: A reference group is a group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and forming their attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms. This group can be a source of social comparison and influence, helping individuals to define their self-concept and social identity. The reference group can be a formal or informal group, such as family, friends, or peers, and it plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's behavior and attitudes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: An out-group is a group that an individual does not belong to and may view negatively, which does not align with the concept of self-evaluation and norm formation.
Option B: A reference group is the correct choice as it is used for self-evaluation and the formation of attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms.
Option C: A social network is a set of social relationships and interactions, which does not specifically focus on self-evaluation and norm formation.
Option D: A social category is a group of people who share a common characteristic, but it does not necessarily involve self-evaluation or norm formation.

Mnemonic: R-GROUP: Reference Group Reflects Personal Standards

777. Which of the following is a good example of a positive sanction?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Praising a child who did a good job.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, High School Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Positive sanctions are rewards or reinforcements that encourage desired behavior.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse positive sanctions with negative sanctions, which involve punishment or removal of privileges.

Explanations: Praising a child who did a good job is a positive sanction because it rewards the child for their good behavior, encouraging them to repeat the behavior in the future.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Praising is a form of positive reinforcement.
Option B: Incorrect. Ignoring is a neutral or negative sanction, not a positive one.
Option C: Incorrect. Taking away recess is a negative sanction, not a positive one.
Option D: Incorrect. Sending a child to the principal's office is a negative sanction, not a positive one.

Mnemonic: Praise = Positive, Punish = Negative

778. Some people think that shopping over the internet can lead to social isolation because people go to stores less often. This is a function of Internet shopping.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Manifest.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Psychology, High School Social Studies

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The term "manifest" refers to a function that is directly observable and intended. In this context, the social isolation caused by less frequent store visits due to internet shopping is a direct and observable consequence.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse "latent" with "manifest," thinking that social isolation is an unintended consequence rather than a direct one.

Explanations: The social isolation resulting from less frequent store visits due to internet shopping is a direct and observable consequence. This makes it a manifest function, as it is an intended and visible effect of the behavior.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Static refers to a state of no change, which does not apply to the changing behavior of shopping habits.
Option B: Manifest refers to a function that is directly observable and intended, which fits the context of the question.
Option C: Latent refers to a hidden or unintended function, which does not apply here as the social isolation is a direct consequence.
Option D: Dynamic refers to change or activity, which does not directly describe the observable and intended consequence.

779. Which of the following terms best matches the description: A trained individual asking a series of questions.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Interview.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: An interview is a method of gathering information through a conversation between a trained individual and a respondent.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse an interview with a survey, which involves collecting data from a larger group through questionnaires.

Explanations: An interview involves a trained individual asking a series of questions to a respondent. This aligns with the description provided, making "Interview" the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. An interview involves a trained individual asking a series of questions.
Option B: Incorrect. A sample refers to a subset of a population used for research, not a method of questioning.
Option C: Incorrect. A survey typically involves collecting data from a larger group through questionnaires, not a one-on-one conversation.
Option D: Incorrect. A case study involves an in-depth analysis of a specific subject, not a series of questions asked by a trained individual.

780. ..... is the term used when the consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Manifest Functions.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Manifest functions are the intended and recognized consequences of a social process.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse manifest functions with latent functions, which are unintended consequences.

Explanations: Manifest functions refer to the intended and recognized consequences of a social process. These are the outcomes that are sought or anticipated by the individuals or groups involved in the process. Therefore, the term "manifest functions" accurately describes the concept of intended consequences in social processes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Manifest functions are the intended and recognized consequences of a social process.
Option B: Incorrect. Reification refers to treating abstract concepts as if they were real, tangible entities.
Option C: Incorrect. Dynamic equilibrium refers to a state of balance in a system where opposing processes occur at equal rates.
Option D: Incorrect. Dramaturgical analysis is a sociological perspective that views social interactions in terms of theatrical performances.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 78”

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 78”

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