sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

781. What did Title IX of the Educational Amendment Act do?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) It made gender discrimination illegal in educational institutions receiving federal funds.

Exam Relevance: AP US Government, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972 is a federal law that prohibits discrimination based on sex in any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Title IX with other civil rights laws, such as those addressing racial discrimination.

Explanations: Title IX specifically addresses gender discrimination in educational institutions that receive federal funds. It ensures that no individual is excluded from participation in, denied the benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance on the basis of sex.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Title IX prohibits gender discrimination in educational institutions receiving federal funds.
Option B: Incorrect. Title IX does not address the funding of team sports.
Option C: Incorrect. Title IX does not increase funding for coaches.
Option D: Incorrect. Title IX addresses gender discrimination, not racial discrimination.

782. The term "organic solidarity" is based on the way that different members of society .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Need each other.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Theory exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Organic solidarity refers to the interdependence of individuals in a society due to their specialized roles and functions.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse organic solidarity with mechanical solidarity, which is based on shared beliefs and values rather than interdependence.

Explanations: Organic solidarity is characterized by the way different members of society need each other to fulfill their specialized roles. This interdependence arises from the division of labor, where individuals perform specific tasks that contribute to the overall functioning of society. This concept highlights the reliance of individuals on one another, rather than on shared status levels, intermarriage, or exploitation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Intermarriage is not the basis of organic solidarity. It is more related to social cohesion through family ties.
Option B: Organic solidarity is based on the interdependence of individuals who need each other to fulfill their roles in society.
Option C: Sharing the same status level is more characteristic of mechanical solidarity, not organic solidarity.
Option D: Exploitation is not a defining feature of organic solidarity; it is more related to power dynamics and inequality.

783. Who considers modernity as 'an unfinished project'?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Habermas.

Exam Relevance: PhD qualifying exams, Sociology exams, Philosophy exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Modernity is often seen as an ongoing process that is not yet complete. Habermas, a prominent sociologist and philosopher, views modernity as an unfinished project that requires continuous critical reflection and reform.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Habermas with other philosophers who have also critiqued modernity, such as Derrida or Giddens.

Explanations: Habermas argues that modernity is characterized by a rationalization process that has not yet been fully realized. He believes that modern society must continually engage in critical discourse to address its inherent contradictions and to achieve a more just and rational society. This perspective aligns with the idea of modernity as an unfinished project.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Derrida is known for deconstruction and postmodernism, not for the concept of modernity as an unfinished project.
Option B: Giddens is associated with structuration theory and the concept of late modernity, but not specifically with the idea of modernity as an unfinished project.
Option C: Althusser is known for his structuralist Marxism and the concept of ideological state apparatuses, not for the idea of modernity as an unfinished project.
Option D: Habermas is correctly identified as the philosopher who views modernity as an unfinished project, emphasizing the need for ongoing critical reflection and reform.

Mnemonic: Habermas, Harmony, Humanism

784. What is a voucher system?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) This says that the government should make the money spent per child on public education available to families to use for public, private, or religious schools.

Exam Relevance: AP Government, SAT, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A voucher system is a method of financing education where the government provides funds directly to families to use for their children's education, allowing them to choose between public, private, or religious schools.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the voucher system with other forms of school choice, such as charter schools or magnet schools, which do not involve direct financial grants to families.

Explanations: The voucher system allows families to use public education funds to choose the type of school that best suits their child's needs, whether it be a public, private, or religious institution. This approach aims to increase competition and improve educational outcomes by giving parents more control over their children's education.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because it only mentions public schools and does not reflect the broader choice available in a voucher system.
Option B: This option is incorrect because it focuses on curriculum choice rather than the financial aspect of the voucher system.
Option C: This option correctly describes the voucher system, where the government allocates funds to families for educational choices.
Option D: This option is incorrect because the correct description is provided in Option C.

Mnemonic: Vouchers Open Up School Options (VOUSO)

785. Which term refers to the cultural learning you experience as a child?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Primary Socialization.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Primary socialization refers to the initial learning of social norms, values, and behaviors that occurs during early childhood.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse primary socialization with agents of socialization, which are the individuals or groups that influence the socialization process.

Explanations: Primary socialization is the process through which children learn the basic norms and values of their society. This learning typically occurs in the home with parents and other close family members. It is the foundation for all future socialization and is crucial for the development of a child's identity and social skills.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Agents of Socialization refer to the individuals or groups that influence the socialization process, such as family, school, and peers, but do not specifically refer to the initial learning in childhood.
Option B: Primary Socialization is the correct term for the cultural learning experienced during early childhood.
Option C: Socialization is a broader term that encompasses all the processes by which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and attitudes of their society, not just the initial learning in childhood.
Option D: Resocialization refers to the process of unlearning old norms and learning new ones, typically in adulthood, and is not specific to childhood learning.

Mnemonic: P.S. = Primary Socialization

786. A(n) is a subgroup that deliberately opposes certain major beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Counterculture.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A counterculture is a subgroup that opposes certain major beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse counterculture with subculture, which is a group that has distinct norms and values but does not necessarily oppose the dominant culture.

Explanations: A counterculture is defined as a subgroup that deliberately opposes certain major beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture. This opposition is a key characteristic that distinguishes it from other subgroups. The term "counterculture" specifically refers to the deliberate and often active resistance to the dominant cultural norms and values.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Society refers to a large group of people living together in an organized community, not a subgroup opposing the dominant culture.
Option B: Ideal culture refers to the values and norms that a society claims to hold, not a subgroup opposing the dominant culture.
Option C: More is not a relevant term in this context and does not describe a subgroup opposing the dominant culture.
Option D: Counterculture is the correct term for a subgroup that opposes certain major beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture.

Mnemonic: COUNTER-culture: Opposes the main culture.

787. What is a hypothesis?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Testable statement of relationships among variables.

Exam Relevance: AP Biology, AP Chemistry, AP Physics, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, often based on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. It is a testable statement that predicts a relationship between variables.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse a hypothesis with a fact or a belief that has not been tested.

Explanations: A hypothesis is a testable statement that proposes a relationship between variables. It is not a fact that has been researched or a belief handed down through generations. It is a statement that can be tested through experiments or further research to determine its validity.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A hypothesis is not a fact that has been researched; it is a statement that can be tested.
Option B: A hypothesis is not a fact; it is a statement that can be tested.
Option C: A hypothesis is a testable statement of relationships among variables, which is the correct definition.
Option D: A hypothesis is not a belief handed down through generations; it is a statement that can be tested through research.

788. A person's overall position in society is called.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Master status.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Master status is the term used to describe a person's overall position in society, which often overshadows other statuses they may hold.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse master status with achieved or ascribed status, which refer to specific types of statuses rather than an overall societal position.

Explanations: Master status refers to the most significant or dominant status that a person holds, which often defines their overall position in society. It is the status that is most noticeable or influential in social interactions and can overshadow other statuses. For example, a person's race, gender, or occupation can be considered a master status because it often determines how they are perceived and treated in society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Achieved status refers to a status that is earned or acquired through personal effort, such as education or career achievements. It does not encompass the overall position in society.
Option B: Ascribed status is a status assigned to a person at birth or through circumstances beyond their control, such as race or gender. While it can be a significant part of a person's identity, it does not represent their overall societal position.
Option C: Master status is the correct term for a person's overall position in society, which often overshadows other statuses they may hold.
Option D: Status set refers to the collection of statuses that a person holds simultaneously, such as being a parent, employee, and community member. It does not describe the overall position in society.

Mnemonic: Master Status: "Master" your overall societal position.

789. Which is NOT a function of primary groups

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Desocialization.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Primary groups are small, intimate groups that provide emotional support, socialization, and encourage conformity. Desocialization is not a function of primary groups.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse desocialization with socialization, thinking that primary groups might also play a role in desocialization.

Explanations: Primary groups, such as families and close friends, are essential for providing emotional support, socialization, and encouraging conformity. Desocialization, which involves the process of undoing socialization, is not a function of primary groups. Primary groups are focused on building and maintaining social bonds, not breaking them down.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Desocialization is not a function of primary groups.
Option B: Emotional support is a key function of primary groups.
Option C: Socialization is a primary function of primary groups.
Option D: Encouraging conformity is also a function of primary groups.

790. People who have become very wealthy because of their own abilities

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Lower-upper class.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Sociology, A-Level Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The lower-upper class refers to individuals who have achieved wealth through their own abilities and efforts, distinguishing them from the traditional aristocracy.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the lower-upper class with the upper-middle class, which typically includes professionals and managers who have achieved a high standard of living but not necessarily the same level of wealth.

Explanations: The lower-upper class consists of people who have become wealthy through their own abilities and efforts, often through entrepreneurship or high-earning professions. This class is distinct from the traditional aristocracy, which typically inherits wealth and status. The term "lower-upper class" is used to differentiate these self-made wealthy individuals from the upper-upper class, which includes the traditional aristocracy and inherited wealth.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The lower-upper class includes individuals who have become wealthy through their own abilities and efforts.
Option B: Incorrect. The upper-middle class typically includes professionals and managers who have achieved a high standard of living but not necessarily the same level of wealth as the lower-upper class.
Option C: Incorrect. The aristocracy refers to individuals who inherit wealth and status, not those who achieve wealth through their own abilities.
Option D: Incorrect. The working class typically includes individuals who earn a living through manual labor or lower-paying jobs, not those who have become wealthy through their own abilities.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 79”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 79”

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