sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

801. Which of the following characteristics is essential in a primary group?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Its members must have a high rate of interaction with one another.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Primary groups are characterized by close, personal, and enduring relationships among members, typically involving frequent and intimate interactions.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that primary groups must have large membership or specific demographic characteristics, such as age or sex.

Explanations: Primary groups are defined by the high frequency and depth of interaction among members. This characteristic is essential because it fosters a strong sense of belonging and emotional intimacy, which are hallmarks of primary groups. The other options do not capture the essence of what makes a group primary.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Large membership is not a defining feature of primary groups. Primary groups are typically small and intimate.
Option B: Age is not a requirement for primary group membership. Members can be of various ages.
Option C: Primary groups can include members of both sexes. Gender is not a limiting factor.
Option D: High rate of interaction is a key characteristic of primary groups, as it ensures close and personal relationships.

802. When we try to explain the behaviour of an individual, we find that his social environment is

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Both a necessary and sufficient total explanation.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Sociology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The social environment is both necessary and sufficient to explain an individual's behavior because it encompasses all external factors that influence behavior, making it a complete explanation.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that the social environment alone is not sufficient, overlooking the comprehensive nature of social influences on behavior.

Explanations: The social environment includes all external factors that influence an individual's behavior, such as cultural norms, social interactions, and societal expectations. These factors are necessary because they provide the context in which behavior occurs. They are also sufficient because they encompass all external influences, making them a complete explanation for behavior. Therefore, the social environment is both necessary and sufficient to explain an individual's behavior.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because the social environment alone is not sufficient without considering its necessity.
Option B: Incorrect because the social environment is both necessary and sufficient, not just necessary.
Option C: Correct because the social environment is both necessary and sufficient to explain behavior.
Option D: Incorrect because the social environment is both necessary and sufficient, not neither.

803. Socialisation is a process of converting a biological organism into

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Social man.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Socialisation is the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of a society, transforming them from biological organisms into social beings.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse socialisation with biological development, leading to incorrect choices.

Explanations: Socialisation is the process through which a biological organism is transformed into a social being. This process involves learning the norms, values, and behaviors of a society, which are essential for functioning within that society. The term "social man" accurately reflects the outcome of this process, as it emphasizes the individual's integration into a social context.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Socialisation transforms a biological organism into a social being, or "social man."
Option B: Incorrect. "Modern man" does not specifically refer to the socialisation process.
Option C: Incorrect. "Human being" is too broad and does not capture the social aspect of the process.
Option D: Incorrect. "Super human being" is not a term used in the context of socialisation.

Mnemonic: SOS: Socialisation, Organism, Social Man

804. The term "oral dependency" means

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) A stage of child's dependency on mother.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, High School Psychology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Oral dependency is a developmental stage where a child relies heavily on the mother for nourishment and comfort, typically during infancy.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse oral dependency with other forms of dependency, such as emotional or physical dependency, which are not specific to the mother-child relationship.

Explanations: Oral dependency refers to a stage in a child's development where the child is dependent on the mother for feeding and comfort, primarily through the mouth. This stage is crucial for the child's physical and emotional development, as it involves the child's reliance on the mother for sustenance and emotional security.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Unwritten promise is not related to the developmental stage of a child's dependency on the mother.
Option B: Depending on words does not accurately describe the developmental stage of a child's dependency on the mother.
Option C: Depending on eating is partially correct but does not fully capture the emotional and physical aspects of the child's dependency on the mother.
Option D: A stage of child's dependency on mother accurately describes the developmental phase where the child relies on the mother for both physical and emotional needs.

Mnemonic: Oral = Mouth, Mother = Care

805. George Simmel classified human aggregates units

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Groups.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: George Simmel classified human aggregates into groups based on his sociological theories.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse George Simmel's classification with other sociological concepts such as societies, institutions, or communities.

Explanations: George Simmel, a sociologist, focused on the dynamics of small groups and the interactions within them. He classified human aggregates into groups, emphasizing the importance of the number of individuals and the nature of their interactions. This classification is distinct from broader social structures like societies, institutions, or communities.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. George Simmel classified human aggregates into groups.
Option B: Incorrect. Societies are larger social structures, not the focus of Simmel's classification.
Option C: Incorrect. Institutions are formal structures within societies, not the focus of Simmel's classification.
Option D: Incorrect. Communities are social units larger than groups, not the focus of Simmel's classification.

Mnemonic: Simmel Groups: Small, Social, Specific

806. The preferential feeling which individual have for their own group is called

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Ethnocentrism.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, MCAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse ethnocentrism with egoism, which is a focus on one's own interests.

Explanations: Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency of individuals to favor their own group or culture over others. This preference is rooted in the belief that one's own group is superior. The other options do not capture this specific cultural bias.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Egoism refers to self-interest, not group preference.
Option B: Primary is not a term used to describe group preference.
Option C: Fraternal refers to brotherly love or kinship, not cultural superiority.
Option D: Ethnocentrism is the correct term for the preference for one's own group.

Mnemonic: E for Ethnocentrism, E for Ethnic group.

807. A group of individuals having essentially the same social status in a given society is called a

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Social class.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Sociology, High School Social Studies

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Social class refers to a group of individuals who share a similar social status within a society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse social class with social group, which is a broader term that does not necessarily imply a shared social status.

Explanations: Social class is defined as a group of individuals who have essentially the same social status in a given society. This concept is distinct from other social groupings, as it specifically emphasizes the shared social status and economic position of its members.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Struggle is not a term used to describe a group of individuals with the same social status.
Option B: Social class accurately describes a group of individuals with the same social status.
Option C: Social group is a broader term and does not specifically refer to shared social status.
Option D: Secondary group is a term used to describe a group formed for a specific purpose, not necessarily based on social status.

808. Which one of the following is not strictly speaking, one of Freud's stages of psycho sexual development?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Oedipal.

Exam Relevance: Psychology exams, Psychoanalytic theory exams, Developmental psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Freud's stages of psychosexual development include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. The Oedipal complex is a concept within the phallic stage but is not a separate stage itself.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the Oedipal complex with a separate stage of psychosexual development.

Explanations: Freud's stages of psychosexual development are the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. The Oedipal complex is a significant concept within the phallic stage, but it is not considered a separate stage. The Oedipal complex describes a child's feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent and jealousy or rivalry with the same-sex parent, which is a key part of the phallic stage.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The oral stage is one of Freud's stages of psychosexual development.
Option B: The phallic stage is one of Freud's stages of psychosexual development.
Option C: The genital stage is one of Freud's stages of psychosexual development.
Option D: The Oedipal complex is a concept within the phallic stage, not a separate stage.

Mnemonic: OPG, not Oedipal: Oral, Phallic, Genital

809. A situation where a student is expected by his parents to study his lessons and is expected by his room-mates to visit a movie- house illustrates

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Role conflict.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Role conflict occurs when an individual is expected to fulfill two or more conflicting roles simultaneously.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse role conflict with status conflict, which involves conflicts between different social statuses or positions.

Explanations: The student is expected by his parents to study his lessons, which represents one role. Simultaneously, the student is expected by his room-mates to visit a movie house, representing another role. These two expectations are conflicting, leading to role conflict.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Role conflict is the correct term for conflicting expectations from different roles.
Option B: Incorrect. Status conflict involves conflicts between different social statuses, not conflicting expectations from different roles.
Option C: Incorrect. Culture conflict involves conflicts between different cultural norms or values, not conflicting expectations from different roles.
Option D: Incorrect. Primary-secondary group conflict involves conflicts between primary and secondary groups, not conflicting expectations from different roles.

Mnemonic: Role conflict: "R" for "Role," "C" for "Conflict."

810. Individual and society are considered as

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Interdependent.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The relationship between individual and society is characterized by mutual reliance and influence.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the terms complementary and interdependent, thinking they are synonymous.

Explanations: Individuals and society are interdependent because the well-being and actions of individuals affect the society they live in, and vice versa. Society provides the structure, norms, and resources that individuals need to thrive, while individuals contribute to the functioning and development of society through their actions and interactions. This mutual reliance and influence define the interdependent relationship.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Contradictory implies a conflict or opposition, which does not accurately describe the relationship between individuals and society.
Option B: Supplementary suggests that one can exist without the other, which is not the case as both individuals and society need each other.
Option C: Complementary implies that each enhances the other, but does not fully capture the mutual reliance and influence inherent in the relationship.
Option D: Interdependent correctly captures the mutual reliance and influence between individuals and society.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 81”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 81”

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