sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

871. Which is the pattern of modernization through education?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Both (A) and (B).

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Political Science exams, Development Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Modernization through education can occur in both capitalist and non-capitalist societies.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that modernization through education is exclusive to capitalist societies.

Explanations: Modernization through education is a process that can be observed in both capitalist and non-capitalist societies. In capitalist societies, education often serves to create a skilled workforce and promote economic growth. In non-capitalist societies, education can be used to promote social equality, cultural development, and national identity. Therefore, the pattern of modernization through education is not limited to one economic system but can be seen in both capitalist and non-capitalist contexts.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Capitalist societies do use education for modernization, but this is not the only pattern.
Option B: Non-capitalist societies also use education for modernization, but this is not the only pattern.
Option C: Both capitalist and non-capitalist societies use education for modernization, making this the correct answer.
Option D: This option is incorrect as both capitalist and non-capitalist societies do use education for modernization.

872. Which is the most important social factor that has adversely affected the examination reforms in India?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Unethical behaviours of students and teachers.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, SSC, Banking Exams, Civil Services

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Unethical behaviors such as cheating, favoritism, and corruption can significantly undermine the integrity of examination reforms.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the pervasive impact of unethical behaviors on the examination system, focusing instead on more visible issues like inadequate teaching or administrative inefficiencies.

Explanations: Unethical behaviors of students and teachers, such as cheating, favoritism, and corruption, directly impact the fairness and integrity of examinations. These behaviors can undermine the effectiveness of any examination reforms, as they compromise the reliability and validity of assessment outcomes. Therefore, addressing unethical behaviors is crucial for the success of examination reforms.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Inadequate classroom teaching can affect the quality of education but does not directly impact the integrity of the examination system.
Option B: The unwieldy nature of the examination can complicate the process but does not directly address the ethical issues that undermine reforms.
Option C: Ineffective university administration can hinder the implementation of reforms but does not directly address the ethical behaviors that are critical to the integrity of the examination system.
Option D: Unethical behaviors of students and teachers directly impact the fairness and integrity of examinations, making it the most critical factor.

873. Modernization as a process of social change requires

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Increased structural differentiation.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Modernization involves the process of social change where societies become more complex and specialized. This complexity is achieved through increased structural differentiation, where different parts of society become more specialized and interdependent.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse structural differentiation with structural fusion, which is a process of integration rather than specialization.

Explanations: Modernization requires increased structural differentiation because it leads to the development of specialized institutions and roles within society. This specialization allows for more efficient and effective functioning of the society as a whole. Structural differentiation is a key feature of modern societies, as it enables the division of labor and the creation of complex social systems.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Structural fusion involves the integration of different parts of society, which is not a requirement for modernization.
Option B: Increased structural differentiation is correct because it aligns with the process of modernization, where society becomes more complex and specialized.
Option C: Decreased structural differentiation would imply a reduction in specialization, which is contrary to the process of modernization.
Option D: This option is incorrect as increased structural differentiation is a key aspect of modernization.

874. The realization of the aspirations of the people of India involves

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Change in the knowledge, skills, interests and values of the people as a whole through education.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, IAS, Competitive Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The realization of aspirations involves a holistic development of society, which is best achieved through education.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the broader impact of education on societal values and focus only on economic or industrial aspects.

Explanations: Education plays a crucial role in shaping the knowledge, skills, interests, and values of individuals. By improving these aspects, education fosters a more informed and capable populace, which is essential for the realization of national aspirations. While industrialization, economic growth, and agricultural innovations are important, they are often outcomes of a well-educated and skilled workforce. Therefore, the change in the knowledge, skills, interests, and values of the people through education is fundamental to achieving the aspirations of the people of India.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Industrialization is important but is a result of educated workforce and not the primary driver of societal change.
Option B: Economic growth is a consequence of a skilled and knowledgeable population, but it is not the root cause of societal development.
Option C: Agricultural innovations are significant but are also dependent on the knowledge and skills of the people.
Option D: Education is the foundation that drives changes in knowledge, skills, interests, and values, which are essential for the realization of national aspirations.

Mnemonic: EDUCATE: Education Develops Understanding, Cultivates Abilities, Transforms

875. Family is said to be a primary social institution because

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) There is high degree of face-to-face relationship within this.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, Sociology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Family is considered a primary social institution due to its close, direct interactions among its members.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the primary characteristic of a family with its foundational role in society, rather than the nature of its interactions.

Explanations: The family is a primary social institution because it involves a high degree of face-to-face interaction among its members. This close, direct communication and interaction are fundamental to the family's role in socializing individuals and maintaining social cohesion. While other characteristics like being a basic social unit and having societal importance are also true, the high degree of face-to-face relationship is a defining feature that distinguishes the family as a primary social institution.

Option Analysis:

Option A: While the family is a basic social unit, this does not fully capture the primary nature of its interactions.
Option B: This option suggests that all characteristics are found in the family, which is not the focus of the question.
Option C: This is the correct answer as it highlights the high degree of face-to-face interaction within the family.
Option D: While the family is important to all societies, this does not specifically address the primary nature of its interactions.

Mnemonic: Face-to-Face Family Focus

876. Indian government's legislation concerning educational opportunities for the weaker sections of the society is an evidence which brings into focus the

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Political nature of education.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, Competitive Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The legislation by the Indian government to provide educational opportunities for weaker sections of society highlights the role of government and policy in shaping educational access and equity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the social or economic nature of education with the political nature, as all these aspects are interrelated.

Explanations: The Indian government's legislation concerning educational opportunities for the weaker sections of society is an example of how political decisions and policies can influence and shape educational access and equity. This legislation is a direct intervention by the government to ensure that certain groups have access to education, which is a clear indication of the political nature of education. The government's role in creating and implementing such policies underscores the political dimension of education, as it involves governance, policy-making, and the allocation of resources to achieve specific social goals.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The social nature of education refers to the societal impact and role of education, but does not specifically address the governmental and policy aspects.
Option B: The cultural nature of education pertains to the cultural values and norms that influence educational practices, which is not the focus of the legislation.
Option C: The political nature of education is evident in the government's role in creating and implementing policies to ensure educational opportunities for weaker sections of society.
Option D: The economic nature of education relates to the financial aspects and resource allocation, but does not fully capture the legislative and policy-making aspects.

877. The schools help the people to

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Assimilate culture.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP World History, IB History

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Schools play a significant role in helping individuals integrate and adopt cultural norms and values.

Common Mistakes: Students might confuse the role of schools with merely teaching about culture rather than actively helping individuals assimilate into it.

Explanations: Schools facilitate the process of assimilation by exposing students to cultural norms, values, and practices. This exposure helps individuals to understand and integrate these cultural elements into their own lives, thereby assimilating the culture.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Enjoy culture. - This option is incorrect because schools are not primarily focused on enjoyment but on education and integration.
Option B: Ignore culture. - This option is incorrect because schools aim to educate about culture, not ignore it.
Option C: Assimilate culture. - This option is correct as schools help individuals integrate cultural norms and values into their own lives.
Option D: Protest against culture. - This option is incorrect because schools do not encourage protest against culture but rather understanding and integration.

878. Which is not relevant for achieving vertical social mobility?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Religion.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology, SAT Subject Test in Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Vertical social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups between different social classes. Factors like wealth, education, and family background can influence this movement. Religion, however, is generally not considered a direct factor in vertical social mobility.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that religion can directly influence social mobility, as it can impact cultural and social norms.

Explanations: Vertical social mobility is primarily influenced by factors such as wealth, education, and family background. Religion, while it can shape cultural and social norms, does not directly contribute to an individual's ability to move between social classes. Therefore, religion is not relevant for achieving vertical social mobility.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Wealth can directly influence an individual's social status and mobility.
Option B: Religion does not directly impact an individual's ability to move between social classes.
Option C: Education is a key factor in achieving vertical social mobility.
Option D: Family background can influence an individual's social mobility through inherited wealth and social connections.

879. Modernisation implies mobility which may be of any kind except

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Physical mobility.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Modernisation typically involves various forms of mobility, including social, psychic, and scientific. However, physical mobility is not a direct implication of modernisation.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that physical mobility is a necessary component of modernisation, as modernisation often involves technological advancements that facilitate movement.

Explanations: Modernisation is a process of change that involves the adoption of new technologies, ideas, and social structures. While it can lead to increased physical mobility, such as through improved transportation, physical mobility itself is not a direct implication of modernisation. Social mobility refers to changes in social status, psychic mobility to changes in mental or cultural attitudes, and scientific mobility to advancements in scientific knowledge. Physical mobility, however, is more about the ability to move physically, which is not inherently tied to the concept of modernisation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social mobility is a direct implication of modernisation as it involves changes in social status and roles.
Option B: Psychic mobility is a direct implication of modernisation as it involves changes in mental or cultural attitudes.
Option C: Physical mobility is not a direct implication of modernisation, as it is more about the ability to move physically rather than a change in social, mental, or scientific structures.
Option D: Scientific mobility is a direct implication of modernisation as it involves advancements in scientific knowledge and technology.

880. Which is not characteristic of modernisation?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Empathy.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Modernisation is typically associated with characteristics such as mobility, participation, and technological advancement. Religious faith can also be a part of modernisation, especially in contexts where religion adapts to modern values. Empathy, however, is not a defining characteristic of modernisation.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse empathy with other social characteristics that are more commonly associated with modernisation, such as social mobility or participation.

Explanations: Modernisation is a process of social change that involves the transformation of traditional societies into modern ones, often characterized by increased mobility, technological advancement, and greater participation in social and political processes. Empathy, while a valuable human trait, is not a defining characteristic of modernisation. It is more of a personal or interpersonal quality rather than a societal transformation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Mobility is a characteristic of modernisation, as it involves the movement of people and ideas.
Option B: Empathy is not a characteristic of modernisation, as it is more of a personal trait rather than a societal transformation.
Option C: Participation is a characteristic of modernisation, as it involves greater involvement in social and political processes.
Option D: Religious faith can be a characteristic of modernisation, especially when it adapts to modern values and contexts.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 88”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 88”

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