sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

891. A state has a large population, but not sufficient territory. What among the following it cannot do?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Destroy all the new-born.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Hard

Concept notes: The question tests the understanding of ethical and practical limitations in managing a state's population.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the ethical implications and focus solely on practical solutions.

Explanations: The correct answer is that a state cannot destroy all newborns. This option is ethically and legally unacceptable, violating human rights and international laws. The other options, while potentially controversial, are more practical and less extreme. Raising multi-storey buildings, allowing migration, and promoting population control measures are feasible actions a state can take to manage a large population in a limited territory.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Destroying newborns is unethical and illegal.
Option B: Raising multi-storey buildings is a practical solution to increase living space.
Option C: Allowing migration is a viable strategy to reduce population density.
Option D: Promoting population control measures is a common approach to manage population growth.

892. Who, among the following thinkers, is not associated with the theory of Social Contract?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Kautilya.

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The theory of Social Contract is primarily associated with Western philosophers such as John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Kautilya, on the other hand, is an ancient Indian political thinker known for his work "Arthashastra," which focuses on statecraft and economic policy rather than social contract theory.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly associate Kautilya with social contract theory due to his significant contributions to political thought, but his work does not specifically address the concept of a social contract.

Explanations: The theory of Social Contract involves the idea that individuals consent, either explicitly or implicitly, to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler or magistrate in exchange for protection of their remaining rights. This theory is most closely associated with Western philosophers like Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau. Kautilya, an Indian political thinker, is known for his treatise on statecraft and economic policy, but his work does not focus on the concept of a social contract.

Option Analysis:

Option A: John Locke is a key figure in social contract theory, advocating for the protection of natural rights and the idea of government by consent.
Option B: Thomas Hobbes is another prominent figure in social contract theory, known for his work "Leviathan," which discusses the need for a strong central authority to prevent the chaos of the state of nature.
Option C: Kautilya is not associated with social contract theory. His work "Arthashastra" focuses on statecraft and economic policy rather than the concept of a social contract.
Option D: Jean-Jacques Rousseau is a significant contributor to social contract theory, emphasizing the general will and the idea of a social contract as a means to establish a just society.

Mnemonic: LHR (Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau) - Remember the initials for the key social contract theorists.

893. Due to Social Contract, man

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) State came into existence.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The social contract theory posits that individuals agree to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler or magistrate in exchange for protection of their remaining rights.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse the social contract with the idea that it only affects individual freedoms, overlooking the broader implications for the formation of a state.

Explanations: The social contract theory, as proposed by philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, suggests that individuals collectively agree to form a society and a state to ensure mutual protection and the maintenance of order. This agreement leads to the establishment of a state, which enforces laws and provides security. Thus, the social contract is foundational to the creation of a state.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because the social contract does not necessarily imply a loss of freedom; rather, it involves a trade-off for protection and order.
Option B: This option is incorrect because while the social contract can provide certain freedoms, it does not inherently mean that man gains freedom in an absolute sense.
Option C: This option is incorrect because while individuals do become part of a larger whole, the primary outcome of the social contract is the formation of a state.
Option D: This option is correct because the social contract leads to the establishment of a state, which is the primary outcome of the agreement among individuals.

894. Christ said "Render unto Ceasar things that are Ceasar's and unto God the things that are God's. Mark out the correct conclusion.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Church and the state are two different institutions.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, LSAT, Civil Service Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The phrase "Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's and unto God the things that are God's" suggests a distinction between the secular and the divine realms.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly interpret the statement as a hierarchy of authority, placing the state above or below the church.

Explanations: Christ's statement implies that there are distinct spheres of influence for the state (Caesar) and the church (God). This indicates that the state and the church are separate entities with their own domains of authority. The correct interpretation is that one should fulfill obligations to both the state and the church, recognizing their separate roles and responsibilities.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option incorrectly suggests that the king is superior to God, which contradicts the statement's intent to separate the two realms.
Option B: This option is not directly supported by the statement, as it does not address the origin of the state but rather its relationship to the church.
Option C: While loyalty to the king is implied, the statement is broader and emphasizes the distinction between the two realms rather than just loyalty to the state.
Option D: This option correctly identifies the separation of the state and the church as distinct institutions with their own spheres of influence.

Mnemonic: Separate Spheres, Separate Powers

895. The importance of the Patriarchal theory of the origin of State

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Provides the simplest explanation of the origin of state which really is the product of complex circumstances.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, Political Science Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Patriarchal theory of the origin of the state suggests that the state evolved from the family, with the father figure as the first ruler. This theory is often criticized for oversimplifying the complex processes involved in the formation of a state.

Common Mistakes: Students may overlook the complexity of state formation and accept the Patriarchal theory as a comprehensive explanation without considering other factors.

Explanations: The Patriarchal theory of the origin of the state is often criticized for its simplicity. It posits that the state evolved from the family unit, with the father figure as the first ruler. While this theory provides a straightforward narrative, it fails to account for the multifaceted and intricate processes involved in the actual formation of a state. The development of a state involves numerous social, economic, and political factors that cannot be reduced to a single, simple explanation. Therefore, the Patriarchal theory is best understood as a simplistic model that does not fully capture the complexity of state formation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option suggests doubt about the theory's importance, which is not the focus of the correct answer.
Option B: This option highlights the theory's oversight of other factors, which is a valid criticism but not the main point of the correct answer.
Option C: This option emphasizes command and obedience, which is a component of the theory but not the focus of the correct answer.
Option D: This option correctly identifies the Patriarchal theory as a simple explanation for a complex phenomenon, aligning with the correct answer.

Mnemonic: Patriarchal = Simple, Complex = Real

896. The basic principle behind sampling methods is that

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) It should represent the target population.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT, MCAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Sampling methods aim to select a subset of individuals from a larger population to make inferences about the whole population.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that sampling should include everyone in the research or represent the general public, which would not be practical or necessary.

Explanations: The basic principle behind sampling methods is to ensure that the sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the target population. This allows researchers to make valid inferences about the population based on the sample data. Including everyone in the research (Option A) is impractical and unnecessary. Representing the general public (Option B) is too broad and may not capture the specific characteristics of the target population. Representing only certain individuals (Option D) would not provide a representative sample.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect because it is impractical to include everyone in the research.
Option B: This option is incorrect because representing the general public is too broad and may not capture the specific characteristics of the target population.
Option C: This option is correct because the sample should represent the target population to make valid inferences.
Option D: This option is incorrect because representing only certain individuals would not provide a representative sample.

Mnemonic: Target Population, Sample Reflects

897. Define the idea of a feral child.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Children who, through either accident or deliberate isolation, have grown up with limited human contact.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Feral children are individuals who have had little to no human contact during their formative years, often due to abandonment, isolation, or other circumstances.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse feral children with those who have too much contact with family or those who commit crimes.

Explanations: Feral children are defined as those who, through either accident or deliberate isolation, have grown up with limited human contact. This isolation can lead to a lack of socialization and developmental issues. The other options do not accurately describe the concept of feral children.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. This accurately defines feral children.
Option B: Incorrect. Too much contact with family does not describe feral children.
Option C: Incorrect. Children who commit crimes are not feral children.
Option D: Incorrect. Children who have too much fun are not feral children.

898. Practices required or expected of members of a faith

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Rituals.

Exam Relevance: AP World History, SAT Subject Tests, Religious Studies Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Rituals are specific practices or ceremonies that are required or expected of members of a faith.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse rituals with beliefs, which are the core tenets or doctrines of a faith rather than the practices.

Explanations: Rituals are the specific actions or ceremonies that members of a faith are expected to perform. They are tangible practices that often have symbolic or spiritual significance. Beliefs, on the other hand, are the core doctrines or tenets of a faith, and experiences and passions are more subjective and personal.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Rituals are the correct answer as they are the specific practices expected of members of a faith.
Option B: Experience is not the correct answer as it refers to personal encounters or feelings, not required practices.
Option C: Beliefs are the core doctrines of a faith, not the specific practices or actions expected of members.
Option D: Passion is a personal feeling or enthusiasm, not a required practice of a faith.

Mnemonic: Rituals: Required, Repeated, Religious

899. Discrimination occurs.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) With or without accompanying prejudice.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Human Rights exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Discrimination can occur independently of personal biases or prejudices.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that discrimination always involves personal prejudice.

Explanations: Discrimination can occur through institutional practices, policies, or systemic issues, even in the absence of individual prejudice. This means that discrimination can happen regardless of whether the individuals involved hold prejudiced views or not.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Discrimination does not necessarily occur with prejudice.
Option B: Informal quotas are a form of discrimination but do not encompass all forms of discrimination.
Option C: Discrimination can occur with or without prejudice, making this the correct answer.
Option D: Government rulings can lead to discrimination, but not all discrimination is a result of government actions.

900. When a student lacks the norms, values, language and attitudes needed to succeed in education

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Cultural deprivation.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Sociology, A-Level Sociology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Cultural deprivation refers to the lack of cultural resources, such as language, values, and norms, that are necessary for educational success.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse cultural deprivation with other sociological concepts like cultural capital, which refers to the non-financial social assets that promote social mobility.

Explanations: Cultural deprivation is the correct answer because it specifically addresses the situation where a student lacks the necessary cultural resources, such as language, values, and norms, to succeed in education. This term directly aligns with the scenario described in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Speech code is not relevant to the context of lacking cultural resources for educational success.
Option B: Cultural capital refers to the non-financial social assets that promote social mobility, which is different from the lack of cultural resources described in the question.
Option C: Cultural deprivation accurately describes the lack of cultural resources needed for educational success.
Option D: Values alone do not encompass the full range of cultural resources needed for educational success, such as language and norms.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 90”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 90”

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