sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

921. Which sociologist uses the concept of individualization?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Giddens.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Modernity exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Anthony Giddens is known for his theory of individualization, which emphasizes the increasing importance of individual choice and self-identity in modern society.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Giddens with other sociologists who have contributed to theories of modernity and individualism, such as Ulrich Beck.

Explanations: Giddens introduced the concept of individualization, which refers to the process by which individuals increasingly make their own life choices and construct their own identities. This concept is central to his broader theory of modernity and the transformation of social structures. Giddens argues that individualization is a key feature of late modernity, where traditional social norms and institutions are less binding, and individuals have greater autonomy in shaping their lives.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Ziehe is not known for the concept of individualization.
Option B: Bourdieu is known for his theory of social capital and cultural capital, not individualization.
Option C: Giddens is the sociologist who introduced the concept of individualization.
Option D: Beck is known for the concept of reflexive modernization, not individualization.

Mnemonic: G for Giddens, G for Individualization.

922. According to Stuart Hall, ethnic hybridity is:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) In countries with diverse populations, individuals create new hybrid ethnic identities that grew out of multiple national ethnicities, with shared social experiences and relationships in that individuals adopted country.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Stuart Hall's concept of ethnic hybridity refers to the blending of multiple cultural identities into a new, hybrid identity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse ethnic hybridity with cultural assimilation, where individuals adopt the dominant culture and abandon their original culture.

Explanations: Stuart Hall's theory of ethnic hybridity posits that in multicultural societies, individuals often develop new identities that are a blend of their original ethnicities and the culture of their adopted country. This hybrid identity is formed through shared social experiences and relationships, leading to a unique cultural expression that is neither purely the original nor the adopted culture.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option correctly describes Stuart Hall's concept of ethnic hybridity.
Option B: This describes cultural assimilation, not ethnic hybridity.
Option C: This describes an identity crisis, which is not the same as ethnic hybridity.
Option D: This is incorrect as Option A is the correct answer.

923. Expresses a value judgment about whether a situation is desirable or undesirable; expresses a judgment about what ought to be.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Normative Statement.

Exam Relevance: Economics exams, Philosophy exams, Political Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A normative statement expresses a value judgment about what ought to be, rather than describing what is.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse normative statements with empirical statements, which are based on observable facts.

Explanations: The question describes a statement that expresses a value judgment about whether a situation is desirable or undesirable, and what ought to be. This aligns with the definition of a normative statement, which involves value judgments and prescriptive language about what should be the case.

Option Analysis:

Option A: A statement is a general term for any assertion, but it does not specify whether it is normative or empirical.
Option B: An empirical statement is based on observable facts and does not involve value judgments.
Option C: A normative statement involves value judgments and prescriptive language, which matches the description in the question.
Option D: A social institution refers to a structured pattern of social behavior, not a type of statement.

924. Total institutions are defined as .

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Places cut off from society.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Work exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Total institutions are defined as places that are isolated from the broader society, where individuals are subjected to a highly controlled environment.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse total institutions with other types of institutions, such as secondary organizations or primary socializing structures, which do not involve the same level of isolation and control.

Explanations: Total institutions are characterized by their isolation from society, where individuals are placed in a highly controlled environment. This isolation is a key feature that distinguishes total institutions from other types of institutions. The correct answer, "Places cut off from society," accurately reflects this defining characteristic.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Total institutions are indeed places cut off from society, emphasizing their isolation and controlled environment.
Option B: Incorrect. While total institutions can involve degradation, this is not the primary defining feature.
Option C: Incorrect. Post-secondary organizations are not necessarily isolated from society and do not fit the definition of total institutions.
Option D: Incorrect. Primary socializing structures, such as families, are not isolated from society and do not fit the definition of total institutions.

925. Interested in the meanings that individuals attach to their actions and the actions of others.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Interactionist Theory.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Interactionist theory, also known as symbolic interactionism, focuses on the meanings individuals attach to their actions and the actions of others. It emphasizes the role of symbols, language, and social interaction in shaping behavior and social structures.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse interactionist theory with functionalist or conflict theories, which focus more on the structure and stability of society or the distribution of power and resources, respectively.

Explanations: Interactionist theory is concerned with the meanings individuals attach to their actions and the actions of others. This theory emphasizes the importance of symbols, language, and social interaction in shaping behavior and social structures. It is distinct from functionalist theory, which focuses on the stability and integration of society, and conflict theory, which focuses on power and resource distribution. Therefore, the correct answer is Interactionist Theory.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalist Theory focuses on the stability and integration of society, not on individual meanings and interactions.
Option B: Conflict Theory focuses on power and resource distribution, not on individual meanings and interactions.
Option C: Interactionist Theory focuses on the meanings individuals attach to their actions and the actions of others, making it the correct answer.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect because Interactionist Theory is the correct answer.

926. The term ..... refers to those who are poor, are seldom employed, and experience long time deprivation.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Underclass.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Work exams, Public Policy exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The term "underclass" refers to a segment of society that is characterized by long-term poverty, unemployment, and social marginalization.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the underclass with the working poor, who are employed but still live in poverty.

Explanations: The underclass is defined by their persistent state of poverty and lack of employment, which distinguishes them from other socioeconomic groups. The term "underclass" specifically captures the idea of a group that is not only poor but also experiences long-term deprivation and social exclusion.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The working class typically includes those who are employed in manual labor or lower-level jobs but are not necessarily in a state of long-term poverty.
Option B: The underclass is characterized by long-term poverty, unemployment, and social marginalization, making this the correct term.
Option C: The middle class generally refers to individuals who have stable employment and a moderate standard of living, not those who are in long-term poverty.
Option D: The working poor are employed but still live in poverty, which does not fully capture the long-term unemployment and social marginalization associated with the underclass.

Mnemonic: Underclass: Unemployed, Poor, Long-term

927. Which is NOT a form of collective behavior?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Dining out with a friend.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Collective behavior refers to the spontaneous and unstructured behavior of a group of people in a social situation. It is not limited to large crowds but can occur in smaller groups as well.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse individual actions with collective behavior, thinking that any group activity is a form of collective behavior.

Explanations: Dining out with a friend is an individual action and does not qualify as collective behavior. Fashions, rumors, and panic are all examples of collective behavior because they involve the spontaneous and unstructured behavior of a group of people.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Fashions are a form of collective behavior as they involve widespread imitation and adoption of certain styles by a group of people.
Option B: Rumors are a form of collective behavior as they spread through a group of people, often rapidly and without verification.
Option C: Dining out with a friend is an individual action and does not involve the spontaneous and unstructured behavior of a group, thus it is not a form of collective behavior.
Option D: Panic is a form of collective behavior as it involves a group of people reacting in a similar, often irrational manner to a perceived threat.

Mnemonic: Fashion, Rumor, Panic - FRP (not dining)

928. Prejudice, conformity and intolerance are associated with the ..... personality.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Authoritarian.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, Psychology PhD Qualifying Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The authoritarian personality is characterized by a tendency to conform to authority, intolerance of ambiguity, and a preference for clear, rigid social hierarchies.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the authoritarian personality with other personality types, such as antisocial or schizoid, which do not exhibit the same level of conformity and intolerance.

Explanations: The authoritarian personality is associated with prejudice, conformity, and intolerance. Individuals with this personality type often exhibit a strong adherence to conventional values and a rigid belief in the importance of authority and hierarchy. They are likely to be intolerant of ambiguity and non-conformity, which aligns with the traits mentioned in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Antisocial personality is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others and a lack of empathy, not conformity or intolerance.
Option B: Avoidant personality is marked by feelings of inadequacy and sensitivity to rejection, not conformity or intolerance.
Option C: Schizoid personality is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships and a tendency to be introverted, not conformity or intolerance.
Option D: Authoritarian personality is characterized by conformity, intolerance, and a strong adherence to authority, making it the correct answer.

Mnemonic: A for Authoritarian, Always Adheres to Authority.

929. Most societies.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Encourage marriage.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, LSAT, Civil Service Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Most societies traditionally encourage marriage as a social institution that stabilizes family structures and supports the continuation of cultural and social norms.

Common Mistakes: Students might confuse the societal encouragement of marriage with the idea that all societies discourage other forms of relationships, which is not necessarily true.

Explanations: Marriage is often encouraged in most societies because it provides a stable framework for raising children and maintaining social order. Societies typically view marriage as a foundational institution that supports the well-being of individuals and the community.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Discouraging marriage is not a common practice in most societies.
Option B: Encouraging marriage aligns with the traditional values and norms of most societies.
Option C: While some societies may accept various forms of unions, this is not universally true for all societies.
Option D: Paying couples to have children is a specific policy and not a universal practice.

930. What is a variable?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) A characteristic that can differ in a measurable way.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, IB Mathematics, SAT Math

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: A variable is a characteristic or attribute that can take on different values or measurements.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse variables with constants or fixed values, which do not change.

Explanations: A variable is defined as a characteristic that can vary or differ in a measurable way. This means that the value of a variable can change or be different under different conditions or observations. For example, in an experiment, the height of plants can be a variable because it can differ from one plant to another. This definition aligns with the correct answer provided.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The number of people involved in an experiment is a specific count and not a characteristic that can vary in a measurable way.
Option B: The amount of time an experiment runs is a specific duration and not a characteristic that can vary in a measurable way.
Option C: A statistical analysis of data collected during an experiment is a method of analysis, not a characteristic that can vary.
Option D: A characteristic that can differ in a measurable way is the correct definition of a variable.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 93”

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 93”

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