sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

941. Bureaucracies

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Keep written records of their activities.

Exam Relevance: Public Administration, Organizational Behavior, Management

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Bureaucracies are characterized by their formal structure and adherence to rules and procedures.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse bureaucracies with informal organizations, which do not necessarily keep detailed written records.

Explanations: Bureaucracies are formal organizations that maintain detailed written records of their activities. This is a key feature that distinguishes them from informal organizations. The written records ensure accountability, consistency, and the ability to track performance and compliance with rules and procedures.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is correct because bureaucracies maintain detailed written records to ensure accountability and consistency.
Option B: This is incorrect because bureaucracies typically promote based on merit and qualifications, not social connections or family relationships.
Option C: This is incorrect because bureaucracies are formal organizations with a structured hierarchy and defined roles.
Option D: This is incorrect because bureaucracies have detailed written rules and procedures to ensure uniformity and accountability.

942. Who classified kinship terms into 'Classificatory' and 'Descriptive'?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) L.H. Morgan.

Exam Relevance: Anthropology exams, Sociology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: L.H. Morgan is known for his classification of kinship terms into 'Classificatory' and 'Descriptive' systems.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse L.H. Morgan with other anthropologists who have contributed to kinship studies, such as G.P. Murdock or R. Brown.

Explanations: L.H. Morgan, a prominent 19th-century anthropologist, classified kinship terms into two main systems: 'Classificatory' and 'Descriptive'. In a classificatory system, individuals are grouped into categories based on social and cultural norms, often leading to a broader classification of kinship. In a descriptive system, kinship terms are more specific and reflect the exact genealogical relationship between individuals. This classification is fundamental to the study of kinship and social organization in anthropology.

Option Analysis:

Option A: G.P. Murdock is known for his work on kinship and social structure but did not classify kinship terms into 'Classificatory' and 'Descriptive' systems.
Option B: R. Brown is known for his work on kinship terminology but did not classify kinship terms into 'Classificatory' and 'Descriptive' systems.
Option C: Malinowski is known for his contributions to social anthropology and fieldwork but did not classify kinship terms into 'Classificatory' and 'Descriptive' systems.
Option D: L.H. Morgan is the correct answer as he classified kinship terms into 'Classificatory' and 'Descriptive' systems.

Mnemonic: Morgan's Kinship: Classify, Describe

943. Joining the group that is being studied is called what?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Participant observation.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Participant observation is a research method where the researcher becomes part of the group being studied to gather data.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse participant observation with field observation, which does not necessarily involve the researcher joining the group.

Explanations: Participant observation involves the researcher actively participating in the group's activities to gain deeper insights. This method allows for a more immersive and detailed understanding of the group's dynamics and behaviors.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Field observation involves observing a group or setting without necessarily joining it, making it less immersive than participant observation.
Option B: A case study is an in-depth analysis of a particular individual, group, or event, but it does not necessarily involve the researcher joining the group.
Option C: Participant observation is the correct term for when a researcher joins the group being studied to gather data.
Option D: Field research is a broad term that can include various methods, including participant observation, but it is not specific to joining the group.

944. Match the items in the List-I with the items in the List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: List-I List-II a. R. Robertson 1. The Sociological Interpretation of Religion b. R. Rosser and C. Harris 2. The Family and Social Change c. T. Parsons and B.F. Bales 3. Family, Socialization and Interaction Process d. J.M. Mogey 4. Family and Neighborhood

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) 1 2 3 4.

Exam Relevance: Sociology PhD Exams, Social Work Exams, Anthropology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The question requires matching authors with their respective works in the field of sociology, specifically focusing on family and religion.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the authors and their works, leading to incorrect matches.

Explanations: R. Robertson is known for "The Sociological Interpretation of Religion," R. Rosser and C. Harris wrote "The Family and Social Change," T. Parsons and B.F. Bales authored "Family, Socialization and Interaction Process," and J.M. Mogey is associated with "Family and Neighborhood." The correct matching is as follows: a. R. Robertson - 1, b. R. Rosser and C. Harris - 2, c. T. Parsons and B.F. Bales - 3, d. J.M. Mogey - 4.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correctly matches the authors with their respective works.
Option B: Incorrectly matches the authors with their respective works.
Option C: Incorrectly matches the authors with their respective works.
Option D: Incorrectly matches the authors with their respective works.

Mnemonic: R. Robertson - Religion, R. Rosser - Family, T. Parsons - Socialization, J.M. Mogey - Neighborhood.

945. Experiencing feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Empathy.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, PSAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another person.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse empathy with sympathy, which involves feeling compassion for someone else's situation rather than sharing their feelings.

Explanations: Empathy involves experiencing the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another person as if they were one's own. This aligns with the definition provided in the question, making empathy the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Empathy is the correct term for experiencing the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another person.
Option B: Impetuous refers to acting on impulse without considering the consequences, which is unrelated to the question.
Option C: Perfidious means deceitful or treacherous, which does not relate to experiencing another's feelings.
Option D: Recluse refers to someone who lives in seclusion, which is not related to experiencing another's feelings.

Mnemonic: E for Empathy, E for Experience.

946. Are norms that embody the moral views and principles of a group.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Mores.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Mores are norms that embody the moral views and principles of a group.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse mores with folkways, which are norms that are less serious and more about social conventions.

Explanations: Mores are societal norms that are deeply ingrained and reflect the moral values and principles of a group. They are considered more serious than folkways and are often associated with moral judgments. Therefore, the correct answer is mores.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Mores are the correct answer as they are norms that embody the moral views and principles of a group.
Option B: Norms is a general term and does not specifically refer to moral views and principles.
Option C: Folkways are norms that are less serious and more about social conventions, not moral principles.
Option D: Sanctions are penalties or rewards for following or violating norms, not the norms themselves.

Mnemonic: Mores = Moral Norms

947. Which paradigm views social and economic institutions as tools of the struggle between groups or classes, used to maintain inequality and the dominance of the ruling class?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Conflict theory.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Political Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Conflict theory views social and economic institutions as tools used by the ruling class to maintain inequality and dominance.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse conflict theory with structural functionalism, which views social institutions as stabilizing and harmonious.

Explanations: Conflict theory posits that social and economic institutions are used by the ruling class to maintain their dominance and perpetuate inequality. This perspective emphasizes the struggle between different groups or classes, where the ruling class uses these institutions to maintain power and control over other classes. Structural functionalism, on the other hand, views these institutions as stabilizing and harmonious, which is not the focus of the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Structural functionalism views social institutions as stabilizing and harmonious, not as tools of struggle and dominance.
Option B: Symbolic interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals derive from social interactions, not on the struggle between classes.
Option C: Conflict theory correctly views social and economic institutions as tools used by the ruling class to maintain inequality and dominance.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect as conflict theory is the correct answer.

948. Looks at each contribution from each part of society

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Functionalism.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Functionalism is a sociological perspective that examines how different parts of society contribute to the overall stability and functioning of the social system.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse functionalism with other sociological perspectives, such as conflict theory or symbolic interactionism, which focus on different aspects of social dynamics.

Explanations: Functionalism looks at each contribution from each part of society to understand how these parts work together to maintain social stability. This perspective emphasizes the interdependence of social institutions and how they collectively contribute to the functioning of society as a whole.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Functionalism is the correct answer as it focuses on the contributions of different parts of society to the overall stability and functioning of the social system.
Option B: Functional integration is a related concept but not the broad perspective that encompasses the examination of contributions from all parts of society.
Option C: Dysfunction refers to the negative consequences of social structures, which is not the primary focus of the question.
Option D: Perspective is too broad and does not specifically refer to the functionalist approach.

949. All of the following are social agents EXCEPT

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Jobs.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology, High School Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Social agents are entities that influence an individual's socialization process. They include family, media, and schools, which shape attitudes, behaviors, and values.

Common Mistakes: Students might mistakenly consider jobs as social agents because they can influence behavior and attitudes. However, jobs are typically seen as environments where socialization occurs rather than agents that directly socialize individuals.

Explanations: Family, media, and schools are considered social agents because they directly influence an individual's socialization process. Jobs, on the other hand, are environments where individuals apply their socialized behaviors and attitudes rather than where they are primarily socialized.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Family is a primary social agent that influences an individual's socialization from an early age.
Option B: Media is a social agent that shapes attitudes and behaviors through various forms of communication.
Option C: Schools are social agents that influence socialization through education and peer interactions.
Option D: Jobs are not considered social agents as they are environments where socialized behaviors are applied rather than where socialization primarily occurs.

Mnemonic: FMS - Family, Media, Schools (Social Agents)

950. A survey should avoid asking.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Leading questions.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, MCAT, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Leading questions are those that suggest a particular answer or contain information intended to influence the respondent's answer. They can bias the survey results and are generally avoided in survey design.

Common Mistakes: Students often confuse leading questions with funnelled questions, which guide respondents from broad to specific answers without suggesting a particular response.

Explanations: Leading questions are problematic because they can influence the respondent's answers, leading to biased results. This makes them unsuitable for surveys that aim to gather unbiased, accurate data. Fixed-choice questions, short questions, and funnelled questions are all acceptable survey techniques when used appropriately.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Fixed-choice questions are commonly used in surveys to provide clear, quantifiable data.
Option B: Short questions are often preferred in surveys to maintain respondent engagement and clarity.
Option C: Leading questions are avoided because they can bias the responses and compromise the integrity of the survey data.
Option D: Funnelled questions guide respondents from broad to specific answers, which can be useful in gathering detailed information without bias.

Mnemonic: Avoid "Leading" to keep surveys "Neutral"

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 95”

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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 95”

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