sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

951. Consider the following Statements: : Social-Conflict Paradigm draws its conclusions about culture from the research of sociologists like Karl Marx The web of relationships formed by the total of a person's interactions with other people is termed a social network The earnings of U.S. women have just about caught up with those of U.S. men Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Only 1, 2.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Gender Studies exams, Social Science exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The social-conflict paradigm is indeed influenced by sociologists like Karl Marx, and the term "social network" refers to the web of relationships formed by a person's interactions. However, the statement about U.S. women's earnings catching up with men's is not accurate.

Common Mistakes: Students may mistakenly believe that U.S. women's earnings have caught up with men's, which is a common misconception.

Explanations: The social-conflict paradigm is rooted in the work of sociologists like Karl Marx, who emphasized the role of conflict and power dynamics in society. The term "social network" accurately describes the web of relationships formed by a person's interactions with others. However, the statement about U.S. women's earnings catching up with men's is not true, as there is still a significant gender pay gap.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct, as statements 1 and 2 are true, but statement 3 is false.
Option B: Incorrect, as statement 3 is false.
Option C: Incorrect, as statement 3 is false.
Option D: Incorrect, as statement 1 is true, but statement 3 is false.

Mnemonic: S-C-P Marx, Net-Work, Gap-Not-Closed

952. What theory would say that two people can do the same thing, but one may be considered deviant, and the other will not depending on their social standing in a society?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Labeling Theory.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Criminology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Labeling theory suggests that deviance is not inherent in an act, but rather emerges when society labels certain behaviors as deviant.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse labeling theory with other sociological theories that focus on the causes of deviance rather than the societal reaction to it.

Explanations: Labeling theory posits that deviance is a social construct. Two individuals can perform the same act, but the societal reaction and labeling of that act as deviant can vary based on their social standing. This aligns with the question's premise that social standing can influence whether an act is considered deviant.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Control Theory focuses on the factors that prevent individuals from engaging in deviant behavior, not on the societal reaction to deviance.
Option B: Strain Theory examines the pressures that lead individuals to deviate from societal norms, not the societal reaction to deviance.
Option C: Differential Association Theory explains how individuals learn deviant behavior through interactions with others, not the societal reaction to deviance.
Option D: Labeling Theory correctly addresses how societal reactions and labels can vary based on social standing, making it the correct answer.

Mnemonic: Labeling Theory: "Labels Make Deviance"

953. Consists of relatively unsophisticated artistic creations that appeal to a mass audience. Ex. Movies, tv shows, musical performances and other entertainments that attract large audiences.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Popular Culture.

Exam Relevance: AP Human Geography, IB Social and Cultural Anthropology, SAT Subject Tests

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Popular culture consists of artistic creations that are widely accessible and appeal to a broad audience.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse popular culture with high culture, which is more sophisticated and appeals to a smaller, more elite audience.

Explanations: Popular culture is characterized by its mass appeal and accessibility. It includes forms of entertainment such as movies, TV shows, and musical performances that attract large audiences. This aligns with the description provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Ideal Culture refers to a culture that is considered perfect or ideal, which does not match the description given.
Option B: Material Culture refers to physical objects and artifacts that are part of a culture, not artistic creations that appeal to a mass audience.
Option C: Popular Culture is the correct term for artistic creations that appeal to a broad audience, matching the description in the question.
Option D: Real Culture is not a standard term and does not fit the description provided.

954. What sociological approach argues that religions can be fruitfully understood as organization in competition with one another for followers?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Religious economy.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Religious Studies exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The religious economy approach views religions as competing organizations for followers, resources, and influence.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse religious economy with religious culture, which focuses more on the shared beliefs and practices within a religious community.

Explanations: The religious economy approach argues that religions can be understood as organizations that compete for followers, similar to how businesses compete for customers. This perspective emphasizes the market-like dynamics within religious communities, where different religious groups vie for adherents and resources. This competition is seen as a key factor in shaping religious practices and beliefs.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The religious economy approach views religions as competing organizations for followers, resources, and influence.
Option B: Incorrect. Religious culture focuses on the shared beliefs and practices within a religious community, not on competition.
Option C: Incorrect. Religious ritual focuses on the specific practices and ceremonies within a religion, not on competition.
Option D: Incorrect. Religious polity focuses on the political structures and governance within religious organizations, not on competition.

955. The widest sphere of human interaction on an international scale is.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) International relations.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, GRE, GMAT, LSAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: International relations encompass a broad range of interactions between countries, including diplomacy, trade, security, and cultural exchanges. It is the most comprehensive sphere of human interaction on an international scale.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse international relations with international law, economics, or security affairs, which are specific aspects of international relations rather than the overarching field.

Explanations: International relations is the correct answer because it is the most inclusive field that covers all aspects of interaction between nations, including law, economics, and security. It is the widest sphere as it encompasses all these specific areas and more.

Option Analysis:

Option A: International law is a subset of international relations, focusing specifically on legal agreements and norms between states.
Option B: International economics is another subset, dealing with trade, finance, and economic policies between countries.
Option C: International security affairs focus on defense, military, and security cooperation, which is also a part of international relations.
Option D: International relations is the broadest field, encompassing all the other options and more, making it the widest sphere of human interaction on an international scale.

956. Suicide is the work of.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Emile Durkheim.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Emile Durkheim is known for his sociological studies, particularly his work on suicide.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Durkheim with other sociologists like Max Weber or Karl Marx, who are also influential but have different areas of focus.

Explanations: Emile Durkheim's seminal work, "Suicide: A Study in Sociology," published in 1897, is a foundational text in the field of sociology. In this work, Durkheim analyzed suicide as a social phenomenon, examining the social causes and the impact of societal structures on individual behavior. This work is considered a classic in sociological research and is often cited in discussions of social integration and anomie.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Max Weber is known for his work on rationalization and the Protestant Ethic, not specifically on suicide.
Option B: Karl Marx is known for his theories on class struggle and capitalism, not specifically on suicide.
Option C: Emile Durkheim is correctly associated with his work on suicide.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Durkheim is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: D for Durkheim, D for Death.

957. Theory that those with power will control those with less power and compete for resources in society.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Conflict.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The conflict theory posits that society is characterized by competition for resources and power, where those with more power exploit or control those with less power.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse conflict theory with functionalism, which focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain stability.

Explanations: Conflict theory emphasizes the struggle for resources and power within society. It suggests that those with more power will use their position to control and exploit those with less power. This theory is distinct from functionalism, which focuses on the stability and interdependence of societal structures, and interactionism, which focuses on the meanings individuals attach to their social interactions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Conflict theory correctly describes the competition for resources and power within society.
Option B: Dysfunctions refer to the negative consequences of social structures, not the power dynamics described in the question.
Option C: Functions refer to the positive contributions of social structures, not the power dynamics described in the question.
Option D: Interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals attach to their social interactions, not the power dynamics described in the question.

958. What method of determining social class is considered the least biased

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Objective Method.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The objective method of determining social class relies on quantifiable data such as income, education, and occupation, which are less influenced by personal biases.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the reputational method with the objective method, as both can be used to assess social class, but the reputational method is more subjective.

Explanations: The objective method uses measurable criteria like income, education, and occupation to determine social class. These criteria are less likely to be influenced by personal biases, making the objective method the least biased approach among the options provided.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The reputational method relies on the perceptions of others, which can be highly subjective and biased.
Option B: The objective method uses quantifiable data, making it less biased.
Option C: The subjective method is based on personal opinions and perceptions, which can be highly biased.
Option D: The classifying method is not a standard term in social class determination and could refer to various approaches, some of which may be biased.

959. ..... occurs when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Role Conflict.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Social Work exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Role conflict occurs when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse role conflict with role strain, which involves conflicting expectations within a single role rather than across multiple roles.

Explanations: Role conflict arises when an individual faces conflicting demands from different statuses or roles they hold. For example, a person may be a parent and an employee, and the expectations of being a good parent (such as attending a child's school event) may conflict with the expectations of being a good employee (such as attending a work meeting). This situation exemplifies role conflict, as fulfilling one role makes it difficult to fulfill the other.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Role conflict occurs when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status.
Option B: Incorrect. Role strain involves conflicting expectations within a single role, not across multiple roles.
Option C: Incorrect. Status inconsistency refers to a situation where an individual holds statuses that are not typically associated with each other, but it does not involve conflicting role expectations.
Option D: Incorrect. Status stereotype refers to the preconceived notions or expectations about the characteristics of individuals based on their status, but it does not involve conflicting role expectations.

960. A file clerk whose father was a college professor is an example of:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Downward intergenerational mobility.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Science exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Intergenerational mobility refers to changes in social status between generations within a family. Downward intergenerational mobility occurs when a child's social status is lower than their parent's.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse intragenerational mobility, which refers to changes within the same generation, with intergenerational mobility.

Explanations: The file clerk's father was a college professor, indicating a higher social status. The file clerk, on the other hand, has a lower social status as a file clerk. This represents a decrease in social status from the father to the child, which is an example of downward intergenerational mobility.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Upward intragenerational mobility refers to an increase in social status within the same generation, which does not apply here.
Option B: Downward intragenerational mobility refers to a decrease in social status within the same generation, which does not apply here.
Option C: Upward intergenerational mobility refers to an increase in social status from parent to child, which is the opposite of what is described.
Option D: Downward intergenerational mobility refers to a decrease in social status from parent to child, which is the correct description of the scenario.

Mnemonic: Father High, Child Low = Downward

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 96”

Anonymous January 28, 2020
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ghodwadikar anand April 19, 2020
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SHANKARAPPA D A September 12, 2020
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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 96”

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