sociology MCQ questions answers – Change your future

961. Your closest friends would best be considered your

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) In-group.

Exam Relevance: AP Psychology, IB Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: In-group refers to a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. Closest friends are typically considered part of one's in-group because of the strong bonds and shared identity.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse in-group with out-group, which refers to a group to which a person does not belong and may view with less favor.

Explanations: Closest friends are considered part of one's in-group because they are individuals with whom one shares strong bonds, trust, and a sense of belonging. This aligns with the definition of an in-group, which includes people who are psychologically identified as part of one's own group.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Closest friends are part of one's in-group due to strong bonds and shared identity.
Option B: Incorrect. Out-group refers to a group to which a person does not belong and may view with less favor.
Option C: Incorrect. Secondary groups are larger and more impersonal, such as work colleagues or classmates.
Option D: Incorrect. Reference groups are used for comparison and evaluation, but not necessarily for close personal bonds.

Mnemonic: In-group: "In" for intimate, close friends.

962. Davie (2013) argues that fundamentalism occurs when people who hold traditional beliefs and values.....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Feel threatened by modernity and want to defend themselves against this threat.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Religious Studies exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Davie's argument suggests that fundamentalism arises as a response to perceived threats from modernity.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that fundamentalism is solely a result of isolation from the outside world.

Explanations: Davie (2013) posits that fundamentalism emerges when individuals with traditional beliefs perceive modernity as a threat. These individuals then seek to defend their values and beliefs against the perceived encroachment of modern ideas. This defense mechanism is a reaction to the challenges posed by modernity, rather than a result of isolation or openness to change.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option incorrectly suggests that fundamentalism arises from isolation, which is not supported by Davie's argument.
Option B: This option correctly reflects Davie's argument that fundamentalism is a defensive response to modernity.
Option C: This option incorrectly suggests that fundamentalism is a result of openness to change, which contradicts Davie's argument.
Option D: This option incorrectly suggests that learning about other religions leads to fundamentalism, which is not supported by Davie's argument.

963. What's the name of this study?Study of human behavior, patterns of relationships, interaction, social institutions, culture.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Sociology.

Exam Relevance: AP Sociology, GRE, MCAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Sociology is the study of human behavior, patterns of relationships, interaction, social institutions, and culture.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse sociology with other social sciences like demography or sociolinguistics, which focus on different aspects of human society.

Explanations: Sociology is the correct answer because it specifically encompasses the study of human behavior, patterns of relationships, interaction, social institutions, and culture. The other options do not cover this broad range of topics.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Census is the official count or survey of a population, not a study of human behavior and social patterns.
Option B: Sociology is the study of human behavior, patterns of relationships, interaction, social institutions, and culture.
Option C: Demography is the study of population statistics, such as size, structure, and distribution, but does not cover the broader aspects of human behavior and social patterns.
Option D: Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to social factors, but it does not encompass the broader study of human behavior and social institutions.

Mnemonic: Sociology: Study of Society

964. Consider the following Statements: Cultural environments determine the basic types of personalities that will be found in a society. When children play house, dress up in their parent's clothes and pretend to be doctors they are role-taking. Police/law enforcement would be an example of an occupation based subculture. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Only 1, 2, 3.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Anthropology exams, Cultural Studies exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The correct answer is based on the understanding of cultural environments, role-taking, and subcultures within society.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that only one or two of the statements are true, overlooking the comprehensive nature of cultural influence and subcultural roles.

Explanations: Statement 1 is true because cultural environments shape the basic types of personalities found in a society. Statement 2 is true as children engaging in role-playing activities like playing house or pretending to be doctors are examples of role-taking. Statement 3 is true as police/law enforcement represents a subculture with its own norms, values, and behaviors. Therefore, all three statements are true.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect because it omits statement 3.
Option B: Incorrect because it omits statement 1.
Option C: Correct as it includes all three true statements.
Option D: Incorrect because it omits statement 2.

965. What were the names of the sociologists who conducted a field experiment to explore teacher's perceptions of labelling?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Rosenthal and Jacobson.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Psychology exams, Education exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Rosenthal and Jacobson conducted a field experiment known as the Pygmalion effect, which explored how teachers' expectations can influence student performance.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Rosenthal and Jacobson's work with other sociological experiments, such as Milgram's obedience study or Willis's work on cultural capital.

Explanations: Rosenthal and Jacobson's study involved informing teachers that certain students were expected to show academic improvement, even though these students were randomly selected. The teachers' expectations influenced their behavior and interactions with these students, leading to actual improvements in student performance. This experiment highlights the impact of labeling and teacher expectations on student outcomes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Milgram conducted the obedience study, not a field experiment on teacher perceptions of labeling.
Option B: Rosenthal and Jacobson conducted the field experiment on teacher perceptions of labeling.
Option C: Willis conducted research on cultural capital and class reproduction, not a field experiment on teacher perceptions of labeling.
Option D: Dawkins is known for his work on evolutionary biology and the concept of memes, not sociological field experiments on labeling.

Mnemonic: RJ for Pygmalion

966. What was Durkheim's perspective on society's change?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Society is changing because the underlying structure has changed.

Exam Relevance: Sociology exams, Social Theory exams, Anthropology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Durkheim believed that societal change is driven by changes in the underlying social structure.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Durkheim's perspective with other sociological theories that emphasize external factors or individual actions as primary drivers of change.

Explanations: Durkheim argued that societal change is a result of changes in the underlying social structure, such as the division of labor and the transition from mechanical to organic solidarity. This perspective emphasizes that societal change is not random but is a consequence of shifts in the fundamental organization of society.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option incorrectly attributes societal change to inequality, which is not Durkheim's primary focus.
Option B: This option suggests a biological imperative for change, which is not aligned with Durkheim's sociological perspective.
Option C: This option correctly reflects Durkheim's view that societal change is driven by changes in the underlying social structure.
Option D: This option is incorrect as it does not acknowledge the correct perspective on societal change.

967. Socialist theory was defined in the writings of Karl Marx and.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Friedrich Engels.

Exam Relevance: AP European History, GRE History, Political Science Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Socialist theory was co-developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who collaborated on several influential works.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse Friedrich Engels with other philosophers or economists of the same era.

Explanations: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are known for their collaborative work on socialist theory. Engels provided significant contributions to the development of Marxist theory, including co-authoring "The Communist Manifesto" and writing "The Condition of the Working Class in England." Therefore, the correct answer is Friedrich Engels.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Emile Durkheim was a sociologist, not a co-developer of socialist theory.
Option B: Adam Smith is associated with classical economics, not socialist theory.
Option C: Friedrich Engels co-developed socialist theory with Karl Marx.
Option D: The Marx Brothers were a comedy group, unrelated to socialist theory.

Mnemonic: Mnemonic: "M&E" for Marx and Engels.

968. Expressive Leaders are:(Choose all that apply)

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Only (A) & (B).

Exam Relevance: Organizational Behavior, Leadership Studies, Management Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Expressive leaders prioritize building personal relationships and focusing on the collective well-being of the group.

Common Mistakes: Students may incorrectly assume that expressive leaders also emphasize task completion, which is a characteristic of task-oriented leaders.

Explanations: Expressive leaders are known for building personal, primary relationships with their group members and focusing on the collective well-being of the group. This aligns with options (A) and (B). Option (C) emphasizes task completion, which is not a defining characteristic of expressive leaders.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Expressive leaders build personal relationships with group members.
Option B: Correct. Expressive leaders focus on the collective well-being of the group.
Option C: Incorrect. Task completion is not a primary focus of expressive leaders.
Option D: Correct. Only options (A) and (B) are accurate descriptions of expressive leaders.

969. Against the basic rules of a group; harmful to the people in a group

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Antisocial.

Exam Relevance: SAT, ACT, AP Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The term "antisocial" refers to behavior that goes against the basic rules of a group and is harmful to the people in the group.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse "antisocial" with "unsocial," which refers to a lack of social interaction rather than harmful behavior.

Explanations: "Antisocial" behavior is defined as actions that violate the norms and rules of a group and cause harm to its members. This aligns with the description provided in the question, making "Antisocial" the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: "Unsocial" refers to a lack of social interaction, not harmful behavior.
Option B: "Antisocial" correctly describes behavior that goes against group norms and is harmful.
Option C: "Social" refers to behavior that is in line with group norms and is not harmful.
Option D: "Sociogram" is a diagram that shows the relationships between individuals in a group, not a type of behavior.

Mnemonic: A: Against norms, harmful - Antisocial.

970. What is the Digital Divide?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) A significant contrast in the access to and equity of technology experience based on categories such as income, race, gender, location, or education.

Exam Relevance: AP Computer Science Principles, SAT Subject Tests, ACT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Digital Divide refers to the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication technology and those who do not.

Common Mistakes: Students may confuse the Digital Divide with other technological issues or misunderstand it as a physical divide rather than an access and equity issue.

Explanations: The Digital Divide is a significant contrast in the access to and equity of technology experience based on categories such as income, race, gender, location, or education. This concept highlights the disparities in technology access and usage among different demographic groups, which can lead to unequal opportunities and outcomes in education, employment, and social participation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is incorrect as it describes a safety hazard rather than the concept of the Digital Divide.
Option B: This option correctly defines the Digital Divide as a significant contrast in access to and equity of technology experience based on various demographic factors.
Option C: This option is incorrect as it describes a feature in video games, not the Digital Divide.
Option D: This option is incorrect as it describes a method for sharing devices, not the Digital Divide.

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 97”

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3 thoughts on “sociology MCQ questions answers - Set 97”

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