Considering the intricacies involved, the scope of HRM is widening with every passing day. It covers but is not limited to HR planning, hiring (recruitment and selection), training and development, payroll management, rewards and recognitions, Industrial relations, grievance handling, legal procedures etc.

A non-citizen is defined as. “any individual who is not a national of a State in which he or she is present.” There are certain inalienable rights (outlined in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights of 1948) to which all humans, regardless of citizenship or nationality, are entitled in principal.

A job description or JD is a written narrative that describes the general tasks, or other related duties, and responsibilities of a position. The analysis considers the areas of knowledge, skills and abilities needed to perform the job.

C) Health and safety are important because employees who work in a safe environment and enjoy good health are more likely to be productive and yield long-term benefits to the organization. Such employees will not necessarily be promoted, request raises, or join unions.

Two-way communication involves feedback from the receiver to the sender. One person is the sender, which means they send a message to another person via face to face, email, telephone, etc. The other person is the receiver, which means they are the one getting the senders message.