There are four major theories in the need-based category: Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ERG theory, Herzberg's dual factor theory, and McClelland's acquired needs theory.

A broad statement of the purpose, scope, duties and responsibilities of a particular job is Job analysis. A job analysis is a process used to collect information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job.

Mintzberg suggests that there are ten managerial roles which can be grouped into three areas: interpersonal, informational and decisional. Interpersonal roles cover the relationships that a manager has to have with others. The three roles within this category are figurehead, leader and liaison.

Proactive or preventative human resources is the strategic development of plans for recruiting, selecting, managing and motivating people. Proactive HR management processes include development of effective compensation programs that pay people fairly and competitively.