Quality Circle concept was first introduced by BHEL, Ramachandrapuram Hyderabad in the year 1981 in India with the initiation of Mr. S.R. Udpa – GM-Operations.

Senior managers plan and direct a group of individuals within an organization or department. The role of a senior manager is to supervise those individuals to ensure that business operations are running efficiently and that each individual's performance meets company and industry standards.

Predictive validation is the second and more dependable way to validate a test. Here you administer the test to applicants before you hire them. Then hire these applicants using only existing selection techniques. After they have been on the job, use same test and compare results with previous scores.

Whenever you are dealing with Misconduct you should begin with the "Hot Stove Rule". The "Hot-Stove Rule" of Douglas McGregor gives a good illustration of how to impose disciplinary action without generating resentment. This rule draws an analogy between touching a hot stove, and undergoing discipline.